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Flightradar24's new GPS jamming map

996 points by mjs 2y ago

toomuchtodo 2y ago
https://www.flightradar24.com/data/gps-jamming https://www.flightradar24.com/data/gps-jamming Also: https://gpsjam.org/ https://gpsjam.org/ | https://hn.algolia.com/?q=gpsjam https://hn.algolia.com/?q=gpsjam (am I missing any other GPS jamming mapping or data collection projects?)
- imoverclocked 2y ago
  Not jamming specific but: https://sapt.faa.gov/outages.php?outageType=129001450&outageResolution=0.5 https://sapt.faa.gov/outages.php?outageType=129001450&outage...
- H8crilA 2y ago
  Worth adding that gpsjam does the exact same thing with ADS-B data.
  - Maxion 2y ago
    This map is basically copied from GPSJAM.org, which started a while back.
- someotherperson 2y ago
  Thanks for linking gpsjam -- flightradar24's map is total trash by comparison (colours, lack of borders). Does anyone know if a similar service covers things like GLONASS, Galileo or BeiDou? EDIT: nevermind, these services can't distinguish. From the FAQ: > The ADS-B data used by this map includes information on the accuracy of the navigation system used by each aircraft, but doesn't specify the type of navigation system. It could be GPS, another global navigation satellite system (GNSS) like GLONASS, or it could be an inertial navigation system (INS). My understanding is that most aircraft are using GPS, so that's probably mostly what the map shows.
  - Sakos 2y ago
    Flightradar24's visual representation definitely sucks, but comparing the two, gpsjam has a lot of unexpected missing areas across Africa, South America, and SE Asia that at least have some data on FR24. I'm not sure if that means FR24 has a better dataset, or they're processing it differently or if they're just extrapolating from few data points when they maybe shouldn't be.
sodality2 2y ago
It would be awesome if they published this data more openly for academic use! Edit: Looks like they might source their data from commercial ADSB providers. Bummer
- lostfocus 2y ago
  They are the commercial ADSB provider
KingOfCoders 2y ago
Hey, I'm living in one of these cells in Germany. Hmm.
- dspillett 2y ago
  They are fairly large cells. I assume the “bad” cells are displaying some maxima-based aggregate rather than implying the whole area (or a large part of it) in them is noticeably jammed.
  - ianburrell 2y ago
    Also, the reports are coming from aircraft which have a much larger horizon at altitude. The jamming from Kaliningrad probably doesn't have any effect on the ground at long distances.
- remotefonts 2y ago
  Turn off WiFi location in your phone and see how long it takes for it to get a GPS fix, or if it never gets one.
weinzierl 2y ago
Many of the patches are not surprising, but why is a small area between Germany and Sweden jammed?
- tuukkah 2y ago
  A small area between Estonia and Finland likewise.
  - bobbob1921 2y ago
    Any chance the area being referenced in relation to Germany is near the headquarters of a company named aaronia? They manufacture, high-end spectrum rf analyzers, and high-end drone tracking and jamming/drone disabling equipment. (As a result, I would expect them to be testing, and or demonstrating their equipment near their headquarters.) Just a guess/speculation as I’m familiar with aaronia’s products and services (indirectly)
    - nippoo 2y ago
      If any civilian company jammed GPS enough to affect commercial aviation that would be a huge no-no - RF emissions in places like Germany are strictly controlled, even if you're just 'testing'
- icegreentea2 2y ago
  If you click through some different days, it looks like that is just a patch of the larger overall jamming zone around Kaliningrad.
- deleted 2y ago
  [deleted]
wyldfire 2y ago
I wonder why there's some jamming near a small section of the Texas/Mexico border?
- tazu 2y ago
  I'm curious as well. My first thought was cartels, but it's also right over Laughlin AFB.
- TomBombadildoze 2y ago
  Cartels disrupting law enforcement, and/or vice versa.
- seatac76 2y ago
  Drug Cartels most likely. That area is frequently jammed.
- hammock 2y ago
  That is Eagle Pass, TX. The infamous, massive border crossing area where suspected criminal border crossers are corraled under the bridge, where Elon visited, etc. The jamming is done to make crossing the border without going through the checkpoint more difficult
  - barryrandall 2y ago
    Do these cartels only operate during normal US workday hours and observe US federal holidays?
  - extraduder_ire 2y ago
    Is there some official source for that? If so, is it just GPS or do other GNSS constellations get jammed too?
    - netsharc 2y ago
      Since even phones can receive and understand the other systems' signals, if one wants to jam, one would probably jam them all...
irviss 2y ago
Why in the world is there so much jamming in Turkey? What's going on?
- nevir 2y ago
  Iran maybe?
  - nurgasemetey 2y ago
    Red dots are in the north of Turkey. I don't think that Iran reaches there.
- ianburrell 2y ago
  Turkey has been jamming GPS for years. I can't find a good explanation.
  - deleted 2y ago
    [deleted]
- goodcanadian 2y ago
  To the north is the Black Sea, and the Russia-Ukraine war. To the east is Armenia and Azerbaijan (as well as Iran). To the south is the middle east. Also Cyprus with the frozen conflict, there.
  - icegreentea2 2y ago
    In addition to Armenia/Azerbaijan, Turkey has had a significant internal conflict with the PKK (Kurds) in the East/South East for... a very long time. Also that whole region is just patchy with flight data - it makes it difficult to really see the true shape of jamming.
    - obdev 2y ago
      > Turkey has had a significant internal conflict with the PKK (Kurds) PKK the terrorist organization, yes. Kurds the ethnic group, no.
vlovich123 2y ago
Is the data actually interesting? I feel like any place that would have widespread jamming would also see routing away of non-military aircraft meaning you'd never see the jamming taking place except if you happen to get lucky and the jamming zone is larger than the "stay out" zone. This makes sense then why the map is entirely green with some red just at the periphery of Ukraine with the majority of Ukraine having no data since it's a no-fly zone for civilian traffic.
- wongarsu 2y ago
  The jamming over Kaliningrad affecting civil aviation has made the news recently, and the map does provide some interesting insights both how far the effect reaches into Poland and Sweden, and how often it is turned on and off.
- hoffs 2y ago
  If you read the article, jamming is based on uncertainty of the aircraft, just because it's uncertain, doesn't mean that it's dangerous level of uncertainty
- martinky24 2y ago
  This is a case where nominally, with a solid understanding of geopolitical events, maybe it's not interesting on average. BUT, all of a sudden something might pop up one day. The accessible, "crowdsourced" data is helpful to have in those cases.
tivert 2y ago
So how should I interpret this? The map lacks geopolitical boundaries, so it's hard to interpret. There looks like a big hole of no data over Ukraine, where I'd most expect GPS jamming, but I suppose there are no civilian flights either. Maybe they could setup an GPS observation station on the ground at a surveyed point to get data there. There's a big red blob over Turkey, is that maybe the southern edge of the reach of Russian jammers in the Black sea? There's also a big red blob over the eastern Mediterranean. Is that Israel? I'm not so sure though, because it's not centered on Israel and parts of Israel proper are green on the map. I also assume they're heavy users of GPS, so wouldn't want to jam it. There's a red blob in Southeast Asia, and that looks like Myanmar, where there's a civil war right now. There's a little red blob over what looks like Kashmir.
- seatac76 2y ago
  I was curious too. Did some sleuthing, it looks more like Punjab. I think that’s to block drone infiltration from Pakistan [1]. It does change going back to 14th March there is no jamming in the region, US and Europe blobs also reduced, so I think this stuff is event driven, wonder what goes on, fascinating stuff. [1]https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/over-100-pakistani-drones-recovered-from-punjab-border-in-2023-bsf/article67695052.ece https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/over-100...
  - ramraj07 2y ago
    Or could it be related to the farmer protests?
- muglug 2y ago
  Their data comes from commercial flights. If there are no flights, there's no data. There aren't many commercial flights over Ukraine or Belarus right now, so that whole area's empty.
  - mcculley 2y ago
    ADS-B is only commercial flights? I thought many kinds of flights are broadcasting. Does Flightradar24 only track commercial flights?
gregmac 2y ago
It's kind of neat how this works: > As part of the ADS-B messages we receive from each aircraft, the Navigation integrity category (NIC) encodes the quality and consistency of navigational data received by the aircraft. The NIC value informs how certain the aircraft is of its position by providing a radius of uncertainty. > Poor NIC values alone might indicate a problem with an aircraft’s equipment or unfavorable positioning. However, when observed in multiple aircraft in close proximity during the same time frame, it suggests the presence of a radio signal interfering with normal GNSS operation. A single observer can't really say for certain that jamming is happening; you need a distributed sample from multiple different sensors over a period of time to have reasonably high confidence.
- toomuchtodo 2y ago
  > A single observer can't really say for certain that jamming is happening; you need a distributed sample from multiple different sensors over a period of time to have reasonably high confidence. Could you use RTLSDR triangulation to hone in on granular lat long of jamming sources? https://www.rtl-sdr.com/detecting-gps-jammers-in-augmented-reality/ https://www.rtl-sdr.com/detecting-gps-jammers-in-augmented-r... https://www.rtl-sdr.com/kiwisdr-tdoa-direction-finding-now-freely-available-for-public-use/ https://www.rtl-sdr.com/kiwisdr-tdoa-direction-finding-now-f...
  - pierat 2y ago
    You can get rough areas with a GPS and a RTLSDR and a bunch of samples (either over time OR with lots of people with the same device) But to get fine granular data, you need a timestamping SDR. (each parcel of signal data for a quantum of data needs an exact time down to 6-8 significant figures, basically GPS timebase). Most your cheaper SDRs cant do that. Stuff like the BladeRF and higher do provide timestamped data.
  - mNovak 2y ago
    With synchronized receivers you could do some rudimentary direction finding. Note that synchronizing SDRs is much more achievable if they're physically nearby (e.g. can run a cable between them for a common clock) vs if they're physically distant observers (can't exactly use GPS time for synchronization if you're measuring GPS interference)
tdudhhu 2y ago
Is interference the same as jamming? I am absolutely no expert in this but I can imagine that even natural occurrences can interfere with the GPS.
- imoverclocked 2y ago
  There are things that will naturally interfere with GPS and they are fairly well known. The FAA provides an expected outage map [1] (a forecast, if you will) for pilots that may need that info. Jamming is an act by humans to intentionally disrupt the GPS signal. [1] https://sapt.faa.gov/outages.php?outageType=129001450&outageResolution=0.5 https://sapt.faa.gov/outages.php?outageType=129001450&outage...
  - kube-system 2y ago
    And I think the above commenter's point is that ADS-B data does not indicate intentionality.
    - imoverclocked 2y ago
      Could be. I was directly answering "what's the difference?" It's hard to know intentionality without also knowing where there is expected+natural interference. Of course, when a region is surrounded by persistent GNSS issues and is a known war-zone with large actors, intentionality is fairly reasonably assumed.
- mmwelt 2y ago
  The GPS jamming map linked to in the article[1] discusses this somewhat, in the "About the data" box: - ADS-B messages include position information from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), like GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou, etc. - It is not possible to directly measure GNSS interference, but we do calculate the NIC (Navigation integrity category) for ADS-B messages. - The NIC value encodes the quality and consistency of navigational data received by the aircraft. - Poor NIC values alone might indicate a problem with an aircraft’s equipment or unfavorable positioning. However, when observed in multiple aircraft in close proximity during the same time frame, it suggests the presence of a radio signal interfering with normal GNSS operation. [1] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/gps-jamming https://www.flightradar24.com/data/gps-jamming
krzyk 2y ago
Poland has some big issues with this jamming. I wonder, how does it influence navigation in mobiles/cars?
- machinekob 2y ago
  Most of the time it is not that strong but few weeks ago my family living north have problems with mobile internet and phones (gps was almost fully dead) for like two days cause of interference from r*ssia.
- deleted 2y ago
  [deleted]
throw0101d 2y ago
See also perhaps: * https://gpsjam.org https://gpsjam.org
- mjs 2y ago
  The FAQ on that site is useful too: https://gpsjam.org/faq/ https://gpsjam.org/faq/
  - tuukkah 2y ago
    That link would have been a better submission than the blog.
photonbucket 2y ago
What's going on in that part of western australia? It's a very empty area
- asylteltine 2y ago
  [dead]
- traceroute66 2y ago
  > What's going on in that part of western australia? It's a very empty area You answered your own question. Put 2+2 together. Hint... https://www.flightradar24.com/apply-for-receiver/ https://www.flightradar24.com/apply-for-receiver/
  - photonbucket 2y ago
    I don't live in that country though
    - traceroute66 2y ago
      > I don't live in that country though Exactly. You don't live there. Not many people live in the Australian desert. Conclusion: No data or very limited data
      - lxgr 2y ago
        "No data" cells are grey on that map, but western Australia has a couple of red ("high interference") cells.
        traceroute66 2y ago
        > but western Australia has a couple of red ("high interference") cells. Erm mate, have you tried looking at different days ? Those cells you find so suspicious in Australia are not there on other days ! Seriously, given the largely community-based nature of FR24 data I would not expect too much in term of accuracy.
seatac76 2y ago
The choice of cells as a fundamental unit is interesting, I guess it’s better than a color coded gradient map. But this will still suffer from centroid issues.
- dr_kiszonka 2y ago
  I remember reading about geohexes (H3).
AdamH12113 2y ago
The data is taken from aircraft [EDIT: not airlines; see traceroute66's comment], so it doesn't give full coverage of the world, but it does include other satellite navigation systems aside from just GPS. Looks like the jammed/interfered areas are: * A large part of Eastern Europe around Ukraine is missing data, and there are many jammed/interfered areas around it, including the southern coast of the Black Sea and parts of Poland and the Baltic. Part of the Baltic Sea off the coast of Kaliningrad are also jammed/interfered. * Part of Germany near Berlin, possibly part of the Ukraine-related jamming/interference? * A large part of the eastern Mediterranean and some of the Middle East around Gaza. * A small area on the India-Pakistan border near Punjab and Lahore. * Two medium-sized areas in western Myanmar. * Two small areas in New Guinea with a gap in the data between them, spanning the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border. * Two small areas in western Australia. * A small area on the US-Mexico border. * A dot in southern China with some gaps in the data around it near the border with Vietnam. Ukraine, Gaza, and Myanmar all have major conflicts going on. Other comments have suggested that the US-Mexico interference might be related to drug cartels. The India-Pakistan border is a longstanding point of tension. Not sure what (if anything) is going on in New Guinea and Australia. The jamming/interference in India-Pakistan, US-Mexico, and China all went away in the last 6 hours -- they're only visible in the 24-hour data.
- traceroute66 2y ago
  > The data is taken from airlines No. It is not. The data is ADS-B data which is broadcast by aircraft. FR24 (and other similar services) obtain the data via a community[1], you can take part too[2]. For certain parts of the world, they may have the option to augment the data via commercial services, but that is highly unlikely to be on a global basis. Conclusion: Missing coverage means no community coverage in that area and no commercial augmentation. [1] https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/how-we-track-flights-with-ads-b/ https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/how-we-track-flights-with... [2] https://www.flightradar24.com/apply-for-receiver/ https://www.flightradar24.com/apply-for-receiver/
  - toomuchtodo 2y ago
    Could you use weather balloons transmitting ADS-B where there are gaps?
verandaguy 2y ago
This is suspiciously similar to `gpsjam.org`. It's useful, for sure, and it does use readily-available ADS-B data that FR24 (and ADSBExchange) uses anyway, but the data viz is just eerily similar. Then again, I'm not very GIS/geodesy minded, so maybe hexagons are the best shape that'll tessellate over a sphere easily. Was this work in any meaningful way inspired by GPSjam? If yes, it'd be nice to have an acknowledgement in there.
- Spacemolte 2y ago
  I can't say if it's inspired by the site you link, but basing your suspicion on the hexagonal shape is very weak, at best. Also, the data seems to be in different resolutions, and the actual jamming data is quite different just looking at both sites. I've seen hexagons used for maps and boardgames for years.
- y04nn 2y ago
  > Then again, I'm not very GIS/geodesy minded, so maybe hexagons are the best shape that'll tessellate over a sphere easily. This is Uber H3 for spacial indexing: https://h3geo.org/ https://h3geo.org/ This was a good read: https://klioba.com/how-to-use-postgresql-for-military-geoanalytics-tasks https://klioba.com/how-to-use-postgresql-for-military-geoana... HN comments: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39662246 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39662246
v_seen 2y ago
[dead]
croemer 2y ago
If line of sight to the jamming antenna is required to be jammed, why do aircraft not have a downwards shield so that they only receive GPS signal from the sky (satellites) and not from jammers (coming from the bottom hemisphere)? Or is the jamming signal so many orders of magnitudes stronger than the satellites that there's always going to be some gain no matter how good the shield is? Ok it exists, but shielding is (only) about 20dB looking downwards, which may not be enough: https://safran-navigation-timing.com/product/8230aj-gps-gnss-anti-jam-outdoor-antenna/ https://safran-navigation-timing.com/product/8230aj-gps-gnss...
- 0cf8612b2e1e 2y ago
  I thought GPS signals from space were incredibly weak. Limited power budget + 100km in the sky. Seems trivial for a ground based system to crank up the watts to whatever arbitrary limit they desire.
  - croemer 2y ago
    True, signal per satellite is only around 150-160dBW on earth despite them radiating at 25W. Satellites are ~20000km away. If a jammer is 100 times closer (200km), they need to use only 1/10,000 (1/100^2) the power, so it's very easy to jam sadly.
- morcheeba 2y ago
  Two issues to consider: - GPS positioning is more accurate if the satellites it sees come from a variety of angles (GDOP), so the satellites near the horizon are valuable. - Aircraft pitch and roll, so a fixed antenna like this would lose precision as it turns to make an approach - just about the worst possible time. It's difficult to make an antenna with a sharp cutoff to limit the ground vs. above-ground. So, most anti-jammers will use beamforming to cancel out interference in one or more specific directions. So, the null in the antenna moves to follow the interference. GDOP: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_of_precision_(navigation) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_of_precision_(navigat...
gusfoo 2y ago
It would be a lot more useful if country contours were drawn too like https://gpsjam.org/ https://gpsjam.org/ does.
icegreentea2 2y ago
Does anyone know if the how the ADS-B uncertainty measurements interact with GPS spoofing? Often when you look at these maps you see a donut around Kaliningrad - could it be that there's wide area jamming, and then localized spoofing more directly around Kaliningrad?
topynate 2y ago
I'm a little surprised that Shenzhen doesn't seem to be churning out ITAR-busting anti-jamming systems. The tech is pretty old by now and the market is there.
dghughes 2y ago
I'm disappointed in Jamaica I thought they'd be jammin for sure.
- dv35z 2y ago
  Well played.
hoherd 2y ago
I love this feature, especially how they were able to create it from data that they were already getting, but personally my excitement about it is overshadowed by how colorblind unfriendly it is. Considering how many people are colorblind, ~4% of the global population, or roughly 1 out of 25 people, it's remarkable how often designers get this detail wrong.
- umpalumpaaa 2y ago
  macOS and iOS have systemwide settings for color blind people. You can remap colors.
  - hoherd 2y ago
    Yeah, I love that feature. It's really not helping here though.
dfworks 2y ago
If anyone found the above interesting, I wrote a short article mapping plane activity on FlightRadar's 'blocked' list (i.e FlightRadar had agreed to remove the ADBS data from their dataset following probable legal pressure). https://dfworks.xyz/blog/hnwi-osint-private-jet/ https://dfworks.xyz/blog/hnwi-osint-private-jet/ Slightly tangential so feel free to remove if irrelevant
- araes 2y ago
  The article was interesting alone, simply for the Google Dork technique explanation. Have not heard the "unusual, yet specifically frequent" search technique described that way previously. Very similar to what's necessary for searching StackExchange and similar, such as "site:https://aviation.stackexchange.com/ https://aviation.stackexchange.com/ tracking private planes" The Bombardier Global Express 6000 GLT6 result is interesting, as it's a plane with a known large number of military conversions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Global_Express#Military_variants https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Global_Express#Mili... Known Conversions: GlobalEye, Project Dolphin, Raytheon Sentinel, Saab Swordfish, PAL Aerospace P-6, E-11A, HALOE, PEGASUS, Hava SOJ, CAEW, HADES. Actually has a tie-in with the article, since the Hava SOJ is an air stand-off jammer configuration for the Turkish region. Otherwise, if I still worked for the government contracting, I'd probably offer you a job, although you're apparently British, so there might have been citizenship issues.
  - spudlyo 2y ago
    Apparently people now call using Google's advanced search operators Dorking, neat! I guess I've been dorking for a while. Most of us know about "site:" since it's extremely handy, but there are a lot more. For some reason I had it in my head that many of the documented operators didn't work properly -- or at least I couldn't get them to work properly the last time I tried to experiment. I'll have to try again.
    - dfworks 2y ago
      There was a very recent "bug" in Search where the site: operator stopped working for a little bit and everybody in the OSINT community had a bit of a meltdown - https://www.digitaldigging.org/p/search-alert-google-filetype-search https://www.digitaldigging.org/p/search-alert-google-filetyp... The date operators from: to: I think have been unsupported for a while and replaced with a dropdown in the UI filetype: is a fave and has been working for as long as I can remember AROUND(number) is pretty useful too although I find that might be a bit buggy sometimes There is a good list here https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database showing how dorks can be used for pentesting and/or generally finding insecure stuff
silvestrov 2y ago
OBS: Does not seem to work in Safari on Mac. Chrome and Firefox works. Might be use of WebGL which Mac-Safari doesn't support.
- can16358p 2y ago
  I'm on Safari/macOS, and it works perfectly here.
- callalex 2y ago
  Did you disable WebGL in the Developer menu and forget about it?
hk1337 2y ago
A lot of jamming going in Easter Europe. I wonder who's doing that?
- stracer 2y ago
  Russians? However, isn't Russians jamming common signals in other states' territory an act of war?
throwaway4good 2y ago
Curious about the other areas than near Russia where jamming seems to occur: Myanmar and Kashmir(?)
- yla92 2y ago
  In Myanmar, since the 2021 Military coup, there have been conflicts and wars between the military forces vs anti-junta ethnic armed organisations https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%... https://myanmar-now.org/en/ https://myanmar-now.org/en/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfo_5Cnf4A0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfo_5Cnf4A0
lifeisstillgood 2y ago
Is that Perth with a great big red blob as well? I don’t think I am misreading the map - what on earth is that? Are the sheep rebelling and have some decent anti-aircraft tech?
- e_i_pi_2 2y ago
  I was thinking that could be the CIA base in Pine Gap, but that seems like it's more in the center of the country
wkat4242 2y ago
What if this Russian jamming crap causes another major loss of life like MH17? We really have to do something about this.
- Maxion 2y ago
  Airplanes don't need GPS to fly. Jamming GPS won't cause any crashes.
  - wkat4242 2y ago
    We're actually replacing a lot of VORs for GPS nav and GPS approaches are also a thing.
  - jjwiseman 2y ago
    GPS jamming is already thought to have caused one drone accident, with fatality: http://lemondronor.com/blog/index.php/2013/3/gps-loss-kicked-off-fatal-drone-crash http://lemondronor.com/blog/index.php/2013/3/gps-loss-kicked... And there have been several close calls already, with passenger jets: https://spectrum.ieee.org/faa-files-reveal-a-surprising-threat-to-airline-safety-the-us-militarys-gps-tests https://spectrum.ieee.org/faa-files-reveal-a-surprising-thre... Planes don't need radar, transponders, or even radio to fly, but they're all very important for safety.
    - wkat4242 2y ago
      Yeah exactly, like that second article says, suddenly having to switch to a pretty archaic system that's now only used for backup (with a reduced number of VORs) is not fun, and the distraction can lead to build up of other situations that can really cause serious danger. It won't be the single cause of a crash, but crashes are rarely the cause of a single problem but rather a compound failure of many things going wrong in just the worst way. Here in Europe VORs are also very rare now. Makes sense because they're hugely expensive to operate and when used only for backup it's not a very good investment.
- e_i_pi_2 2y ago
  The US has laws against interfering with GPS, but I don't think there's any global laws about GPS jamming, you'd need something from the UN but it doesn't seem like most countries would want to give up that ability - we can't even get people to stop making nukes and they have a much higher danger
consumer451 2y ago
I find it interesting how far into Poland Russia can jam GPS. I assume this is done from Belarus? What is the max range I wonder? Probably same as radar? How much power does it take?
- asdfgjkl 2y ago
  More likely it is from around Kaliningrad
terryf 2y ago
Interesting - as I'm in the middle of one of the red blobs on the map and just used my phone with google maps to drive around. It worked fine. All the local services that rely on positioning via phones seemed to work fine as well. I wonder how the jamming works - is it just for higher altitudes or maybe it only affects GPS and my phone also uses GLONASS or something?
- jcfrei 2y ago
  On your phone the GPS is just one input to determine its position. It's most likely also triangulating cell phone towers. Get an app that only shows GPS data and check if you see coordinates jumping around.
- themoonisachees 2y ago
  Google maps (and your phone's location services) seldom rely only on GPS. For one, accelerometer-based location has become pretty good. You can usually get by for a few kilometers on the average road. For two, Google maps is aware that you are driving, and this it sticks to roads, especially ones that are on your itinerary, because of your GPS registers as the middle of a field, it's more likely that you're experiencing GPS issues rather than you driving at 130km/h in a potato field. Finally, location services are amplified by nearby wifi signals, mapped by google with street view. Your phone can say "here is the Mac address of every wifi network I can see and a rough estimate of my position" and Google's services can very accurately triangulate where you are.
  - cft 2y ago
    Does accelerometer-based location algorithm integrate the acceleration readings to get the phone displacement? Is it a part of the phone operating systems ?
    - themoonisachees 2y ago
      It tries. Accelerometer-based positioning is best used with camera displacement, which isn't used in Google maps driving mode (though there was? Is? An experimental on-foot mode that showed directions in AR). the accel-based positioning I'm pretty sure is implemented app-side, not os-side, but I could be mistaken.
Reason077 2y ago
Most of these GPS-jammed zones are, obviously, near areas of active conflicts (Ukraine, Myanmar, Isreal/Palestine, Kashmir, etc). But what's going on in Western Australia? And South-west Texas?
- _kb 2y ago
  WA may be the radio quiet zone: https://www.industry.gov.au/science-technology-and-innovation/space-and-astronomy/ska-project-australia/australian-radio-quiet-zone-wa https://www.industry.gov.au/science-technology-and-innovatio...
  - tjmc 2y ago
    That was my guess too. Apparently Starlink satellites go quiet over the area too but there is still some detectable EMF.
- zsims 2y ago
  Western Australia could be the ongoing emu war - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu_War https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu_War
- jjwiseman 2y ago
  That spot in western Australia is interesting, I was looking at that earlier. My map doesn't show any indication of interference there, in fact from what I can tell there's plenty of evidence of _no_ interference. Eh, there are sometimes analysis or other artifacts, and it can be tricky to try to infer too much from one hex.
- deleted 2y ago
  [deleted]
- lhoff 2y ago
  I crosschecked with google Maps and I belive the Jindalee Operational Radar Network in Laverton is stationed there. Maybe that has something to with the interference. A 560kw transmitter is no joke. I guess south-west Texas is most likely also military. E.g. the Naval Air Station Kingsville is not far away.
jjwiseman 2y ago
I've been working on mapping GPS jamming using ADS-B data for a couple years, and I'll try to address questions and points brought up here based on what I know. Relevant previous posts on HN: 2022: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32245346 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32245346 2023: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37868106 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37868106 (From my comment on that 2023 post: "Why haven't FlightRadar24, FlightAware, or any of the other flight trackers done this?") "A single observer can't really say for certain that jamming is happening; you need a distributed sample from multiple different sensors over a period of time to have reasonably high confidence." There are heuristics you can use that allow you to make a pretty good guess about whether jamming is happening based on signals from just one or two aircraft, and have worked well on GPSJAM for the past couple years. With regard to localization of GPS jammers, yes you can do direction finding of the emitted signal directly, but that's easy mode. For a fun challenge, do it based just on observations of the ADS-B data from affected (and unaffected aircraft). Here's one approach from researchers at the GPS laboratory at Stanford, "GNSS Interference Source Localization Using ADS-B data": https://web.stanford.edu/group/scpnt/gpslab/pubs/papers/Liu_ION_ITM_2022_ADSB.pdf https://web.stanford.edu/group/scpnt/gpslab/pubs/papers/Liu_... I have some other ideas about how to do that localization. https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1764054377982308484 https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1764054377982308484 "Do aircraft systems really only use GPS and not the full constellation of navigational satellite systems?" ADS-B doesn't tell you what navigation system is, but my understanding is that most aircraft are still using GPS. Maybe someone who works on aircraft avionics will chime in. A few years ago I did see data that distinguished between different GNSS, and GPS was experiencing more jamming than the others. I assume as multi-network systems become more and more common jammers will just target all of them, if they're not already. "There looks like a big hole of no data over Ukraine, where I'd most expect GPS jamming, but I suppose there are no civilian flights either. Maybe they could setup an GPS observation station on the ground at a surveyed point to get data there." That's right, no (or few) flights over Ukraine with ADS-B transponders means no data. I actually first started mapping GPS jamming on Feb. 14, 2022 (https://gpsjam.org/?lat=45.00000&lon=35.00000&z=3.0&date=2022-02-14 https://gpsjam.org/?lat=45.00000&lon=35.00000&z=3.0&date=202...), because I thought it might give me an early warning of the expected Russian invasion of Ukraine. It didn't work out that way--there was no indication of interference right up until Feb 24., and then all civil aviation stopped and there was no more data for that region (https://gpsjam.org/?lat=49.18928&lon=33.51687&z=3.9&date=2022-02-24 https://gpsjam.org/?lat=49.18928&lon=33.51687&z=3.9&date=202...). As some of you have noticed, GPS jamming is highly correlated with conflict zones. Some conflicts are higher intensity than others--for example, I think the airspace around Cyprus has been jammed for years (since 2018 maybe?), and I get the feeling it's more harrassment than anything else (maybe someone more geopolitically savvy than me knows more). "I see 2 red cells on the US/Mexico border right about Texas/Coahuila region". Someone always says it's cartels, and the evidence is that it's much more likely to be U.S. military testing and training. First, the interference is always in the Laughlin and Randolph military operating areas (MOAs) (https://imgur.com/vieGhgN https://imgur.com/vieGhgN). Second, the interference usually runs during the week and takes weekends off--which I doubt cartels do, but that's the typical pattern seen for military exercises. "am I missing any other GPS jamming mapping or data collection projects?" From 2/24/2022 until 3/19/2024, gpsjam.org was the only site with regularly updated GPS jamming maps. On Twitter, @auonsson (https://twitter.com/auonsson https://twitter.com/auonsson) and @rundradion (https://twitter.com/rundradion https://twitter.com/rundradion) have been posting geospatial and other analysis of similar data for the past several months at least, and @x00live (https://twitter.com/x00live https://twitter.com/x00live) has looked at ADS-B and GPS interference for a while too. (I'm not even going to try to catalog academic or government efforts, though I will mention HawkEye 360's satellite based GPS interference mapping: https://spacenews.com/hawkeye-360-gps-ukr/ https://spacenews.com/hawkeye-360-gps-ukr/) "If line of sight to the jamming antenna is required to be jammed, why do aircraft not have a downwards shield so that they only receive GPS signal from the sky (satellites) and not from jammers (coming from the bottom hemisphere)? Or is the jamming signal so many orders of magnitudes stronger than the satellites that there's always going to be some gain no matter how good the shield is?" Yes, GPS signals are so weak (below the noise floor!) that it's just super easy to overpower them with terrestrial (or airborne) jammers. But there are special antennas and other techniques for building jam-resistant systems, e.g. "controlled reception pattern antennas" (CRPA): https://www.gpsworld.com/anti-jam-technology-demystifying-the-crpa/ https://www.gpsworld.com/anti-jam-technology-demystifying-th... But I think the main reason most civilian aircraft systems aren't jam resistant is because they didn't need to be--For the past several decades GPS jamming has been a much smaller issue than it is now, and I don't think there was sufficient reason to spend time and money on what would have been an over-engineered, mostly unnecessary system. But the situation is changing, and I expect anti-jamming to become a more significant concern by equipment manufacturers and aviation authorities. [Edited to add:] "I'm in the middle of one of the red blobs on the map and just used my phone with google maps to drive around. It worked fine." From the GPSJAM FAQ: ""I live in one of the red zones and my GPS was fine?"" (https://gpsjam.org/faq/#i-live-in-one-of-the-red-zones https://gpsjam.org/faq/#i-live-in-one-of-the-red-zones). Yeah, the answer is, as you mentioned, aircraft fly at higher altitudes, so they get much longer line of sight to the jammer. On the general idea of using ADS-B to map GPS interference, when I thought of this idea I was pretty excited. I realized that if you had access to worldwide ADS-B data, which ADS-B Exchange graciously gave me as part of my Advisory Circular project (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24188661 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24188661), you could also make a worldwide map of GPS jamming, and I hadn't seen anyone do that before (later I found some researchers who realized you could get GPS jamming information from ADS-B, but they only looked at a couple aircraft). I just think it's pretty neat that even though there were multiple companies devoted to processing, analyzing, and selling ADS-B data, and ADS-B data is not all that complicated, none of those companies had realized this new way of using it. Sometimes there's gold left even in data that you think must have been completely mined out. Even specifically looking at ADS-B data as it relates to GPS interference, there's still lots to be done! FR24 is mapping jamming, but I don't think anyone else has made worldwide maps of spoofing (yet!): https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1770515361739493488 https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1770515361739493488 [Edited to add more:] With respect to safety issues, yes, aircraft have redundant navigation systems. But GPS is one of the important layers that add safety to aviation, and it is not at all normal for entire countries or even larger regions to lsoe GPS while still maintaining passenger flights. This Eurocontrol presentation, "GNSS Interference and Civil Aviation", has lots of details: https://rntfnd.org/wp-content/uploads/Aviation-GNSS-interference-UN-ICG-WGS-IDM-ECTL-GNSS-RFI-SEP23.pdf https://rntfnd.org/wp-content/uploads/Aviation-GNSS-interfer... From the presentation: Aviation Safety is built on two main principles: • Trust your instruments • Follow standard operating procedure GNSS RFI causes pilots to have to question both principles! There have been close calls due to lack of GPS. It increases workload for both pilots and controllers, which is a safety issue by itself. Despite a lot of airlines and government aviation agencies saying everything is fine, they're not really prepared for a world with frequent GPS denial, and everything is not fine. Industry and government are organizing emergency meetings about how to handle this in a less ad hoc way than they have been so far (commercial aviation is kind of the opposite of ad hoc).
CSDude 2y ago
When I wait for relatives/friends to land in Turkey, I always get a mini heart attack because either plane drifts like Fast and Furious or disappears completely from map and ask myself, is this real this time? Sometimes I have nightmares about it, I see the planes just falling down from the sky spontaneously because of the stress that GPS jamming induced to me over the years.
poorman 2y ago
Need to get some more Helium hotspots proving location with proof of coverage and then people wouldn't have to rely on government controlled GPS.
Havoc 2y ago
What's the deal with a large chunk of Turkey's northern coast being jammed?
nf3 2y ago
- Sir! The radar, sir! It appears to be... jammed! - There's only one man who would dare give me the raspberry: Lone Starr!
brcmthrowaway 2y ago
[flagged]
ErigmolCt 2y ago
I don't know why, but watching flights in this app calms me down just like watching fire does.
iefbr14 2y ago
I just noticed that a lot of red spots correlate with bad weather, rain and thunderstorms.
teleforce 2y ago
I'm strongly believe sooner or rather later GPS/GNSS will be considered human right since the areas where their signals are mostly devoid of them are intentionally devoid by the prepetrators. Currently I am working for a new wireless PHY technique that is more secure and robust against jamming, and also the first that able to propagate with limited non line of sight (NLoS). Hopefully soon we can overcome this anti human GPS/GNSS jamming shenanigans. For an excellent example for anti jamming secure wireless network for GPS (not my work) please check this thesis by Cara Yang Kataria [1]. She is currently working at the infamous MIT Lincoln Laboratory. [1] Antenna-driven methods for increased wireless network security: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/115902 https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/115902
Aerbil313 2y ago
Note the red near Pine Gap.
Vicinity9635 2y ago
[dead]
espinielli 2y ago
The map implementation is not great, what I miss most is country borders and labels. https://gpsjam.org https://gpsjam.org has come out first and is a much better design IMHO. Flightradar24 has _just_ the advantage of bigger sensors network and hence wider coverage.

996 points by mjs 2y ago

https://www.flightradar24.com/data/gps-jamming https://www.flightradar24.com/data/gps-jamming Also: https://gpsjam.org/ https://gpsjam.org/ | https://hn.algolia.com/?q=gpsjam https://hn.algolia.com/?q=gpsjam (am I missing any other GPS jamming mapping or data collection projects?)

imoverclocked 2y ago
Not jamming specific but: https://sapt.faa.gov/outages.php?outageType=129001450&outageResolution=0.5 https://sapt.faa.gov/outages.php?outageType=129001450&outage...
H8crilA 2y ago
Worth adding that gpsjam does the exact same thing with ADS-B data.
- Maxion 2y ago
  This map is basically copied from GPSJAM.org, which started a while back.
someotherperson 2y ago
Thanks for linking gpsjam -- flightradar24's map is total trash by comparison (colours, lack of borders). Does anyone know if a similar service covers things like GLONASS, Galileo or BeiDou? EDIT: nevermind, these services can't distinguish. From the FAQ: > The ADS-B data used by this map includes information on the accuracy of the navigation system used by each aircraft, but doesn't specify the type of navigation system. It could be GPS, another global navigation satellite system (GNSS) like GLONASS, or it could be an inertial navigation system (INS). My understanding is that most aircraft are using GPS, so that's probably mostly what the map shows.
- Sakos 2y ago
  Flightradar24's visual representation definitely sucks, but comparing the two, gpsjam has a lot of unexpected missing areas across Africa, South America, and SE Asia that at least have some data on FR24. I'm not sure if that means FR24 has a better dataset, or they're processing it differently or if they're just extrapolating from few data points when they maybe shouldn't be.

sodality2 2y ago

It would be awesome if they published this data more openly for academic use! Edit: Looks like they might source their data from commercial ADSB providers. Bummer

lostfocus 2y ago
They are the commercial ADSB provider

KingOfCoders 2y ago

Hey, I'm living in one of these cells in Germany. Hmm.

dspillett 2y ago
They are fairly large cells. I assume the “bad” cells are displaying some maxima-based aggregate rather than implying the whole area (or a large part of it) in them is noticeably jammed.
- ianburrell 2y ago
  Also, the reports are coming from aircraft which have a much larger horizon at altitude. The jamming from Kaliningrad probably doesn't have any effect on the ground at long distances.
remotefonts 2y ago
Turn off WiFi location in your phone and see how long it takes for it to get a GPS fix, or if it never gets one.

weinzierl 2y ago

Many of the patches are not surprising, but why is a small area between Germany and Sweden jammed?

tuukkah 2y ago
A small area between Estonia and Finland likewise.
- bobbob1921 2y ago
  Any chance the area being referenced in relation to Germany is near the headquarters of a company named aaronia? They manufacture, high-end spectrum rf analyzers, and high-end drone tracking and jamming/drone disabling equipment. (As a result, I would expect them to be testing, and or demonstrating their equipment near their headquarters.) Just a guess/speculation as I’m familiar with aaronia’s products and services (indirectly)
  - nippoo 2y ago
    If any civilian company jammed GPS enough to affect commercial aviation that would be a huge no-no - RF emissions in places like Germany are strictly controlled, even if you're just 'testing'
icegreentea2 2y ago
If you click through some different days, it looks like that is just a patch of the larger overall jamming zone around Kaliningrad.
deleted 2y ago
[deleted]

wyldfire 2y ago

I wonder why there's some jamming near a small section of the Texas/Mexico border?

tazu 2y ago
I'm curious as well. My first thought was cartels, but it's also right over Laughlin AFB.
TomBombadildoze 2y ago
Cartels disrupting law enforcement, and/or vice versa.
seatac76 2y ago
Drug Cartels most likely. That area is frequently jammed.
hammock 2y ago
That is Eagle Pass, TX. The infamous, massive border crossing area where suspected criminal border crossers are corraled under the bridge, where Elon visited, etc. The jamming is done to make crossing the border without going through the checkpoint more difficult
- barryrandall 2y ago
  Do these cartels only operate during normal US workday hours and observe US federal holidays?
- extraduder_ire 2y ago
  Is there some official source for that? If so, is it just GPS or do other GNSS constellations get jammed too?
  - netsharc 2y ago
    Since even phones can receive and understand the other systems' signals, if one wants to jam, one would probably jam them all...

irviss 2y ago

Why in the world is there so much jamming in Turkey? What's going on?

nevir 2y ago
Iran maybe?
- nurgasemetey 2y ago
  Red dots are in the north of Turkey. I don't think that Iran reaches there.
ianburrell 2y ago
Turkey has been jamming GPS for years. I can't find a good explanation.
- deleted 2y ago
  [deleted]
goodcanadian 2y ago
To the north is the Black Sea, and the Russia-Ukraine war. To the east is Armenia and Azerbaijan (as well as Iran). To the south is the middle east. Also Cyprus with the frozen conflict, there.
- icegreentea2 2y ago
  In addition to Armenia/Azerbaijan, Turkey has had a significant internal conflict with the PKK (Kurds) in the East/South East for... a very long time. Also that whole region is just patchy with flight data - it makes it difficult to really see the true shape of jamming.
  - obdev 2y ago
    > Turkey has had a significant internal conflict with the PKK (Kurds) PKK the terrorist organization, yes. Kurds the ethnic group, no.

vlovich123 2y ago

Is the data actually interesting? I feel like any place that would have widespread jamming would also see routing away of non-military aircraft meaning you'd never see the jamming taking place except if you happen to get lucky and the jamming zone is larger than the "stay out" zone. This makes sense then why the map is entirely green with some red just at the periphery of Ukraine with the majority of Ukraine having no data since it's a no-fly zone for civilian traffic.

wongarsu 2y ago
The jamming over Kaliningrad affecting civil aviation has made the news recently, and the map does provide some interesting insights both how far the effect reaches into Poland and Sweden, and how often it is turned on and off.
hoffs 2y ago
If you read the article, jamming is based on uncertainty of the aircraft, just because it's uncertain, doesn't mean that it's dangerous level of uncertainty
martinky24 2y ago
This is a case where nominally, with a solid understanding of geopolitical events, maybe it's not interesting on average. BUT, all of a sudden something might pop up one day. The accessible, "crowdsourced" data is helpful to have in those cases.

tivert 2y ago

So how should I interpret this? The map lacks geopolitical boundaries, so it's hard to interpret. There looks like a big hole of no data over Ukraine, where I'd most expect GPS jamming, but I suppose there are no civilian flights either. Maybe they could setup an GPS observation station on the ground at a surveyed point to get data there. There's a big red blob over Turkey, is that maybe the southern edge of the reach of Russian jammers in the Black sea? There's also a big red blob over the eastern Mediterranean. Is that Israel? I'm not so sure though, because it's not centered on Israel and parts of Israel proper are green on the map. I also assume they're heavy users of GPS, so wouldn't want to jam it. There's a red blob in Southeast Asia, and that looks like Myanmar, where there's a civil war right now. There's a little red blob over what looks like Kashmir.

seatac76 2y ago
I was curious too. Did some sleuthing, it looks more like Punjab. I think that’s to block drone infiltration from Pakistan [1]. It does change going back to 14th March there is no jamming in the region, US and Europe blobs also reduced, so I think this stuff is event driven, wonder what goes on, fascinating stuff. [1]https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/over-100-pakistani-drones-recovered-from-punjab-border-in-2023-bsf/article67695052.ece https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/over-100...
- ramraj07 2y ago
  Or could it be related to the farmer protests?
muglug 2y ago
Their data comes from commercial flights. If there are no flights, there's no data. There aren't many commercial flights over Ukraine or Belarus right now, so that whole area's empty.
- mcculley 2y ago
  ADS-B is only commercial flights? I thought many kinds of flights are broadcasting. Does Flightradar24 only track commercial flights?

gregmac 2y ago

It's kind of neat how this works: > As part of the ADS-B messages we receive from each aircraft, the Navigation integrity category (NIC) encodes the quality and consistency of navigational data received by the aircraft. The NIC value informs how certain the aircraft is of its position by providing a radius of uncertainty. > Poor NIC values alone might indicate a problem with an aircraft’s equipment or unfavorable positioning. However, when observed in multiple aircraft in close proximity during the same time frame, it suggests the presence of a radio signal interfering with normal GNSS operation. A single observer can't really say for certain that jamming is happening; you need a distributed sample from multiple different sensors over a period of time to have reasonably high confidence.

toomuchtodo 2y ago
> A single observer can't really say for certain that jamming is happening; you need a distributed sample from multiple different sensors over a period of time to have reasonably high confidence. Could you use RTLSDR triangulation to hone in on granular lat long of jamming sources? https://www.rtl-sdr.com/detecting-gps-jammers-in-augmented-reality/ https://www.rtl-sdr.com/detecting-gps-jammers-in-augmented-r... https://www.rtl-sdr.com/kiwisdr-tdoa-direction-finding-now-freely-available-for-public-use/ https://www.rtl-sdr.com/kiwisdr-tdoa-direction-finding-now-f...
- pierat 2y ago
  You can get rough areas with a GPS and a RTLSDR and a bunch of samples (either over time OR with lots of people with the same device) But to get fine granular data, you need a timestamping SDR. (each parcel of signal data for a quantum of data needs an exact time down to 6-8 significant figures, basically GPS timebase). Most your cheaper SDRs cant do that. Stuff like the BladeRF and higher do provide timestamped data.
- mNovak 2y ago
  With synchronized receivers you could do some rudimentary direction finding. Note that synchronizing SDRs is much more achievable if they're physically nearby (e.g. can run a cable between them for a common clock) vs if they're physically distant observers (can't exactly use GPS time for synchronization if you're measuring GPS interference)

tdudhhu 2y ago

Is interference the same as jamming? I am absolutely no expert in this but I can imagine that even natural occurrences can interfere with the GPS.

imoverclocked 2y ago
There are things that will naturally interfere with GPS and they are fairly well known. The FAA provides an expected outage map [1] (a forecast, if you will) for pilots that may need that info. Jamming is an act by humans to intentionally disrupt the GPS signal. [1] https://sapt.faa.gov/outages.php?outageType=129001450&outageResolution=0.5 https://sapt.faa.gov/outages.php?outageType=129001450&outage...
- kube-system 2y ago
  And I think the above commenter's point is that ADS-B data does not indicate intentionality.
  - imoverclocked 2y ago
    Could be. I was directly answering "what's the difference?" It's hard to know intentionality without also knowing where there is expected+natural interference. Of course, when a region is surrounded by persistent GNSS issues and is a known war-zone with large actors, intentionality is fairly reasonably assumed.
mmwelt 2y ago
The GPS jamming map linked to in the article[1] discusses this somewhat, in the "About the data" box: - ADS-B messages include position information from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), like GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou, etc. - It is not possible to directly measure GNSS interference, but we do calculate the NIC (Navigation integrity category) for ADS-B messages. - The NIC value encodes the quality and consistency of navigational data received by the aircraft. - Poor NIC values alone might indicate a problem with an aircraft’s equipment or unfavorable positioning. However, when observed in multiple aircraft in close proximity during the same time frame, it suggests the presence of a radio signal interfering with normal GNSS operation. [1] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/gps-jamming https://www.flightradar24.com/data/gps-jamming

krzyk 2y ago

Poland has some big issues with this jamming. I wonder, how does it influence navigation in mobiles/cars?

machinekob 2y ago
Most of the time it is not that strong but few weeks ago my family living north have problems with mobile internet and phones (gps was almost fully dead) for like two days cause of interference from r*ssia.
deleted 2y ago
[deleted]

throw0101d 2y ago

See also perhaps: * https://gpsjam.org https://gpsjam.org

mjs 2y ago
The FAQ on that site is useful too: https://gpsjam.org/faq/ https://gpsjam.org/faq/
- tuukkah 2y ago
  That link would have been a better submission than the blog.

photonbucket 2y ago

What's going on in that part of western australia? It's a very empty area

asylteltine 2y ago
[dead]
traceroute66 2y ago
> What's going on in that part of western australia? It's a very empty area You answered your own question. Put 2+2 together. Hint... https://www.flightradar24.com/apply-for-receiver/ https://www.flightradar24.com/apply-for-receiver/
- photonbucket 2y ago
  I don't live in that country though
  - traceroute66 2y ago
    > I don't live in that country though Exactly. You don't live there. Not many people live in the Australian desert. Conclusion: No data or very limited data
    - lxgr 2y ago
      "No data" cells are grey on that map, but western Australia has a couple of red ("high interference") cells.
      - traceroute66 2y ago
        > but western Australia has a couple of red ("high interference") cells. Erm mate, have you tried looking at different days ? Those cells you find so suspicious in Australia are not there on other days ! Seriously, given the largely community-based nature of FR24 data I would not expect too much in term of accuracy.

seatac76 2y ago

The choice of cells as a fundamental unit is interesting, I guess it’s better than a color coded gradient map. But this will still suffer from centroid issues.

dr_kiszonka 2y ago
I remember reading about geohexes (H3).

AdamH12113 2y ago

The data is taken from aircraft [EDIT: not airlines; see traceroute66's comment], so it doesn't give full coverage of the world, but it does include other satellite navigation systems aside from just GPS. Looks like the jammed/interfered areas are: * A large part of Eastern Europe around Ukraine is missing data, and there are many jammed/interfered areas around it, including the southern coast of the Black Sea and parts of Poland and the Baltic. Part of the Baltic Sea off the coast of Kaliningrad are also jammed/interfered. * Part of Germany near Berlin, possibly part of the Ukraine-related jamming/interference? * A large part of the eastern Mediterranean and some of the Middle East around Gaza. * A small area on the India-Pakistan border near Punjab and Lahore. * Two medium-sized areas in western Myanmar. * Two small areas in New Guinea with a gap in the data between them, spanning the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border. * Two small areas in western Australia. * A small area on the US-Mexico border. * A dot in southern China with some gaps in the data around it near the border with Vietnam. Ukraine, Gaza, and Myanmar all have major conflicts going on. Other comments have suggested that the US-Mexico interference might be related to drug cartels. The India-Pakistan border is a longstanding point of tension. Not sure what (if anything) is going on in New Guinea and Australia. The jamming/interference in India-Pakistan, US-Mexico, and China all went away in the last 6 hours -- they're only visible in the 24-hour data.

traceroute66 2y ago
> The data is taken from airlines No. It is not. The data is ADS-B data which is broadcast by aircraft. FR24 (and other similar services) obtain the data via a community[1], you can take part too[2]. For certain parts of the world, they may have the option to augment the data via commercial services, but that is highly unlikely to be on a global basis. Conclusion: Missing coverage means no community coverage in that area and no commercial augmentation. [1] https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/how-we-track-flights-with-ads-b/ https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/how-we-track-flights-with... [2] https://www.flightradar24.com/apply-for-receiver/ https://www.flightradar24.com/apply-for-receiver/
- toomuchtodo 2y ago
  Could you use weather balloons transmitting ADS-B where there are gaps?

verandaguy 2y ago

This is suspiciously similar to `gpsjam.org`. It's useful, for sure, and it does use readily-available ADS-B data that FR24 (and ADSBExchange) uses anyway, but the data viz is just eerily similar. Then again, I'm not very GIS/geodesy minded, so maybe hexagons are the best shape that'll tessellate over a sphere easily. Was this work in any meaningful way inspired by GPSjam? If yes, it'd be nice to have an acknowledgement in there.

Spacemolte 2y ago
I can't say if it's inspired by the site you link, but basing your suspicion on the hexagonal shape is very weak, at best. Also, the data seems to be in different resolutions, and the actual jamming data is quite different just looking at both sites. I've seen hexagons used for maps and boardgames for years.
y04nn 2y ago
> Then again, I'm not very GIS/geodesy minded, so maybe hexagons are the best shape that'll tessellate over a sphere easily. This is Uber H3 for spacial indexing: https://h3geo.org/ https://h3geo.org/ This was a good read: https://klioba.com/how-to-use-postgresql-for-military-geoanalytics-tasks https://klioba.com/how-to-use-postgresql-for-military-geoana... HN comments: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39662246 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39662246

v_seen 2y ago

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croemer 2y ago

If line of sight to the jamming antenna is required to be jammed, why do aircraft not have a downwards shield so that they only receive GPS signal from the sky (satellites) and not from jammers (coming from the bottom hemisphere)? Or is the jamming signal so many orders of magnitudes stronger than the satellites that there's always going to be some gain no matter how good the shield is? Ok it exists, but shielding is (only) about 20dB looking downwards, which may not be enough: https://safran-navigation-timing.com/product/8230aj-gps-gnss-anti-jam-outdoor-antenna/ https://safran-navigation-timing.com/product/8230aj-gps-gnss...

0cf8612b2e1e 2y ago
I thought GPS signals from space were incredibly weak. Limited power budget + 100km in the sky. Seems trivial for a ground based system to crank up the watts to whatever arbitrary limit they desire.
- croemer 2y ago
  True, signal per satellite is only around 150-160dBW on earth despite them radiating at 25W. Satellites are ~20000km away. If a jammer is 100 times closer (200km), they need to use only 1/10,000 (1/100^2) the power, so it's very easy to jam sadly.
morcheeba 2y ago
Two issues to consider: - GPS positioning is more accurate if the satellites it sees come from a variety of angles (GDOP), so the satellites near the horizon are valuable. - Aircraft pitch and roll, so a fixed antenna like this would lose precision as it turns to make an approach - just about the worst possible time. It's difficult to make an antenna with a sharp cutoff to limit the ground vs. above-ground. So, most anti-jammers will use beamforming to cancel out interference in one or more specific directions. So, the null in the antenna moves to follow the interference. GDOP: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_of_precision_(navigation) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_of_precision_(navigat...

gusfoo 2y ago

It would be a lot more useful if country contours were drawn too like https://gpsjam.org/ https://gpsjam.org/ does.

icegreentea2 2y ago

Does anyone know if the how the ADS-B uncertainty measurements interact with GPS spoofing? Often when you look at these maps you see a donut around Kaliningrad - could it be that there's wide area jamming, and then localized spoofing more directly around Kaliningrad?

topynate 2y ago

I'm a little surprised that Shenzhen doesn't seem to be churning out ITAR-busting anti-jamming systems. The tech is pretty old by now and the market is there.

dghughes 2y ago

I'm disappointed in Jamaica I thought they'd be jammin for sure.

dv35z 2y ago
Well played.

hoherd 2y ago

I love this feature, especially how they were able to create it from data that they were already getting, but personally my excitement about it is overshadowed by how colorblind unfriendly it is. Considering how many people are colorblind, ~4% of the global population, or roughly 1 out of 25 people, it's remarkable how often designers get this detail wrong.

umpalumpaaa 2y ago
macOS and iOS have systemwide settings for color blind people. You can remap colors.
- hoherd 2y ago
  Yeah, I love that feature. It's really not helping here though.

dfworks 2y ago

If anyone found the above interesting, I wrote a short article mapping plane activity on FlightRadar's 'blocked' list (i.e FlightRadar had agreed to remove the ADBS data from their dataset following probable legal pressure). https://dfworks.xyz/blog/hnwi-osint-private-jet/ https://dfworks.xyz/blog/hnwi-osint-private-jet/ Slightly tangential so feel free to remove if irrelevant

araes 2y ago
The article was interesting alone, simply for the Google Dork technique explanation. Have not heard the "unusual, yet specifically frequent" search technique described that way previously. Very similar to what's necessary for searching StackExchange and similar, such as "site:https://aviation.stackexchange.com/ https://aviation.stackexchange.com/ tracking private planes" The Bombardier Global Express 6000 GLT6 result is interesting, as it's a plane with a known large number of military conversions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Global_Express#Military_variants https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Global_Express#Mili... Known Conversions: GlobalEye, Project Dolphin, Raytheon Sentinel, Saab Swordfish, PAL Aerospace P-6, E-11A, HALOE, PEGASUS, Hava SOJ, CAEW, HADES. Actually has a tie-in with the article, since the Hava SOJ is an air stand-off jammer configuration for the Turkish region. Otherwise, if I still worked for the government contracting, I'd probably offer you a job, although you're apparently British, so there might have been citizenship issues.
- spudlyo 2y ago
  Apparently people now call using Google's advanced search operators Dorking, neat! I guess I've been dorking for a while. Most of us know about "site:" since it's extremely handy, but there are a lot more. For some reason I had it in my head that many of the documented operators didn't work properly -- or at least I couldn't get them to work properly the last time I tried to experiment. I'll have to try again.
  - dfworks 2y ago
    There was a very recent "bug" in Search where the site: operator stopped working for a little bit and everybody in the OSINT community had a bit of a meltdown - https://www.digitaldigging.org/p/search-alert-google-filetype-search https://www.digitaldigging.org/p/search-alert-google-filetyp... The date operators from: to: I think have been unsupported for a while and replaced with a dropdown in the UI filetype: is a fave and has been working for as long as I can remember AROUND(number) is pretty useful too although I find that might be a bit buggy sometimes There is a good list here https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database showing how dorks can be used for pentesting and/or generally finding insecure stuff

silvestrov 2y ago

OBS: Does not seem to work in Safari on Mac. Chrome and Firefox works. Might be use of WebGL which Mac-Safari doesn't support.

can16358p 2y ago
I'm on Safari/macOS, and it works perfectly here.
callalex 2y ago
Did you disable WebGL in the Developer menu and forget about it?

hk1337 2y ago

A lot of jamming going in Easter Europe. I wonder who's doing that?

stracer 2y ago
Russians? However, isn't Russians jamming common signals in other states' territory an act of war?

throwaway4good 2y ago

Curious about the other areas than near Russia where jamming seems to occur: Myanmar and Kashmir(?)

yla92 2y ago
In Myanmar, since the 2021 Military coup, there have been conflicts and wars between the military forces vs anti-junta ethnic armed organisations https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%... https://myanmar-now.org/en/ https://myanmar-now.org/en/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfo_5Cnf4A0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfo_5Cnf4A0

lifeisstillgood 2y ago

Is that Perth with a great big red blob as well? I don’t think I am misreading the map - what on earth is that? Are the sheep rebelling and have some decent anti-aircraft tech?

e_i_pi_2 2y ago
I was thinking that could be the CIA base in Pine Gap, but that seems like it's more in the center of the country

wkat4242 2y ago

What if this Russian jamming crap causes another major loss of life like MH17? We really have to do something about this.

Maxion 2y ago
Airplanes don't need GPS to fly. Jamming GPS won't cause any crashes.
- wkat4242 2y ago
  We're actually replacing a lot of VORs for GPS nav and GPS approaches are also a thing.
- jjwiseman 2y ago
  GPS jamming is already thought to have caused one drone accident, with fatality: http://lemondronor.com/blog/index.php/2013/3/gps-loss-kicked-off-fatal-drone-crash http://lemondronor.com/blog/index.php/2013/3/gps-loss-kicked... And there have been several close calls already, with passenger jets: https://spectrum.ieee.org/faa-files-reveal-a-surprising-threat-to-airline-safety-the-us-militarys-gps-tests https://spectrum.ieee.org/faa-files-reveal-a-surprising-thre... Planes don't need radar, transponders, or even radio to fly, but they're all very important for safety.
  - wkat4242 2y ago
    Yeah exactly, like that second article says, suddenly having to switch to a pretty archaic system that's now only used for backup (with a reduced number of VORs) is not fun, and the distraction can lead to build up of other situations that can really cause serious danger. It won't be the single cause of a crash, but crashes are rarely the cause of a single problem but rather a compound failure of many things going wrong in just the worst way. Here in Europe VORs are also very rare now. Makes sense because they're hugely expensive to operate and when used only for backup it's not a very good investment.
e_i_pi_2 2y ago
The US has laws against interfering with GPS, but I don't think there's any global laws about GPS jamming, you'd need something from the UN but it doesn't seem like most countries would want to give up that ability - we can't even get people to stop making nukes and they have a much higher danger

consumer451 2y ago

I find it interesting how far into Poland Russia can jam GPS. I assume this is done from Belarus? What is the max range I wonder? Probably same as radar? How much power does it take?

asdfgjkl 2y ago
More likely it is from around Kaliningrad

terryf 2y ago

Interesting - as I'm in the middle of one of the red blobs on the map and just used my phone with google maps to drive around. It worked fine. All the local services that rely on positioning via phones seemed to work fine as well. I wonder how the jamming works - is it just for higher altitudes or maybe it only affects GPS and my phone also uses GLONASS or something?

jcfrei 2y ago
On your phone the GPS is just one input to determine its position. It's most likely also triangulating cell phone towers. Get an app that only shows GPS data and check if you see coordinates jumping around.
themoonisachees 2y ago
Google maps (and your phone's location services) seldom rely only on GPS. For one, accelerometer-based location has become pretty good. You can usually get by for a few kilometers on the average road. For two, Google maps is aware that you are driving, and this it sticks to roads, especially ones that are on your itinerary, because of your GPS registers as the middle of a field, it's more likely that you're experiencing GPS issues rather than you driving at 130km/h in a potato field. Finally, location services are amplified by nearby wifi signals, mapped by google with street view. Your phone can say "here is the Mac address of every wifi network I can see and a rough estimate of my position" and Google's services can very accurately triangulate where you are.
- cft 2y ago
  Does accelerometer-based location algorithm integrate the acceleration readings to get the phone displacement? Is it a part of the phone operating systems ?
  - themoonisachees 2y ago
    It tries. Accelerometer-based positioning is best used with camera displacement, which isn't used in Google maps driving mode (though there was? Is? An experimental on-foot mode that showed directions in AR). the accel-based positioning I'm pretty sure is implemented app-side, not os-side, but I could be mistaken.

Reason077 2y ago

Most of these GPS-jammed zones are, obviously, near areas of active conflicts (Ukraine, Myanmar, Isreal/Palestine, Kashmir, etc). But what's going on in Western Australia? And South-west Texas?

_kb 2y ago
WA may be the radio quiet zone: https://www.industry.gov.au/science-technology-and-innovation/space-and-astronomy/ska-project-australia/australian-radio-quiet-zone-wa https://www.industry.gov.au/science-technology-and-innovatio...
- tjmc 2y ago
  That was my guess too. Apparently Starlink satellites go quiet over the area too but there is still some detectable EMF.
zsims 2y ago
Western Australia could be the ongoing emu war - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu_War https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu_War
jjwiseman 2y ago
That spot in western Australia is interesting, I was looking at that earlier. My map doesn't show any indication of interference there, in fact from what I can tell there's plenty of evidence of _no_ interference. Eh, there are sometimes analysis or other artifacts, and it can be tricky to try to infer too much from one hex.
deleted 2y ago
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lhoff 2y ago
I crosschecked with google Maps and I belive the Jindalee Operational Radar Network in Laverton is stationed there. Maybe that has something to with the interference. A 560kw transmitter is no joke. I guess south-west Texas is most likely also military. E.g. the Naval Air Station Kingsville is not far away.

jjwiseman 2y ago

I've been working on mapping GPS jamming using ADS-B data for a couple years, and I'll try to address questions and points brought up here based on what I know. Relevant previous posts on HN: 2022: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32245346 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32245346 2023: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37868106 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37868106 (From my comment on that 2023 post: "Why haven't FlightRadar24, FlightAware, or any of the other flight trackers done this?") "A single observer can't really say for certain that jamming is happening; you need a distributed sample from multiple different sensors over a period of time to have reasonably high confidence." There are heuristics you can use that allow you to make a pretty good guess about whether jamming is happening based on signals from just one or two aircraft, and have worked well on GPSJAM for the past couple years. With regard to localization of GPS jammers, yes you can do direction finding of the emitted signal directly, but that's easy mode. For a fun challenge, do it based just on observations of the ADS-B data from affected (and unaffected aircraft). Here's one approach from researchers at the GPS laboratory at Stanford, "GNSS Interference Source Localization Using ADS-B data": https://web.stanford.edu/group/scpnt/gpslab/pubs/papers/Liu_ION_ITM_2022_ADSB.pdf https://web.stanford.edu/group/scpnt/gpslab/pubs/papers/Liu_... I have some other ideas about how to do that localization. https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1764054377982308484 https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1764054377982308484 "Do aircraft systems really only use GPS and not the full constellation of navigational satellite systems?" ADS-B doesn't tell you what navigation system is, but my understanding is that most aircraft are still using GPS. Maybe someone who works on aircraft avionics will chime in. A few years ago I did see data that distinguished between different GNSS, and GPS was experiencing more jamming than the others. I assume as multi-network systems become more and more common jammers will just target all of them, if they're not already. "There looks like a big hole of no data over Ukraine, where I'd most expect GPS jamming, but I suppose there are no civilian flights either. Maybe they could setup an GPS observation station on the ground at a surveyed point to get data there." That's right, no (or few) flights over Ukraine with ADS-B transponders means no data. I actually first started mapping GPS jamming on Feb. 14, 2022 (https://gpsjam.org/?lat=45.00000&lon=35.00000&z=3.0&date=2022-02-14 https://gpsjam.org/?lat=45.00000&lon=35.00000&z=3.0&date=202...), because I thought it might give me an early warning of the expected Russian invasion of Ukraine. It didn't work out that way--there was no indication of interference right up until Feb 24., and then all civil aviation stopped and there was no more data for that region (https://gpsjam.org/?lat=49.18928&lon=33.51687&z=3.9&date=2022-02-24 https://gpsjam.org/?lat=49.18928&lon=33.51687&z=3.9&date=202...). As some of you have noticed, GPS jamming is highly correlated with conflict zones. Some conflicts are higher intensity than others--for example, I think the airspace around Cyprus has been jammed for years (since 2018 maybe?), and I get the feeling it's more harrassment than anything else (maybe someone more geopolitically savvy than me knows more). "I see 2 red cells on the US/Mexico border right about Texas/Coahuila region". Someone always says it's cartels, and the evidence is that it's much more likely to be U.S. military testing and training. First, the interference is always in the Laughlin and Randolph military operating areas (MOAs) (https://imgur.com/vieGhgN https://imgur.com/vieGhgN). Second, the interference usually runs during the week and takes weekends off--which I doubt cartels do, but that's the typical pattern seen for military exercises. "am I missing any other GPS jamming mapping or data collection projects?" From 2/24/2022 until 3/19/2024, gpsjam.org was the only site with regularly updated GPS jamming maps. On Twitter, @auonsson (https://twitter.com/auonsson https://twitter.com/auonsson) and @rundradion (https://twitter.com/rundradion https://twitter.com/rundradion) have been posting geospatial and other analysis of similar data for the past several months at least, and @x00live (https://twitter.com/x00live https://twitter.com/x00live) has looked at ADS-B and GPS interference for a while too. (I'm not even going to try to catalog academic or government efforts, though I will mention HawkEye 360's satellite based GPS interference mapping: https://spacenews.com/hawkeye-360-gps-ukr/ https://spacenews.com/hawkeye-360-gps-ukr/) "If line of sight to the jamming antenna is required to be jammed, why do aircraft not have a downwards shield so that they only receive GPS signal from the sky (satellites) and not from jammers (coming from the bottom hemisphere)? Or is the jamming signal so many orders of magnitudes stronger than the satellites that there's always going to be some gain no matter how good the shield is?" Yes, GPS signals are so weak (below the noise floor!) that it's just super easy to overpower them with terrestrial (or airborne) jammers. But there are special antennas and other techniques for building jam-resistant systems, e.g. "controlled reception pattern antennas" (CRPA): https://www.gpsworld.com/anti-jam-technology-demystifying-the-crpa/ https://www.gpsworld.com/anti-jam-technology-demystifying-th... But I think the main reason most civilian aircraft systems aren't jam resistant is because they didn't need to be--For the past several decades GPS jamming has been a much smaller issue than it is now, and I don't think there was sufficient reason to spend time and money on what would have been an over-engineered, mostly unnecessary system. But the situation is changing, and I expect anti-jamming to become a more significant concern by equipment manufacturers and aviation authorities. [Edited to add:] "I'm in the middle of one of the red blobs on the map and just used my phone with google maps to drive around. It worked fine." From the GPSJAM FAQ: ""I live in one of the red zones and my GPS was fine?"" (https://gpsjam.org/faq/#i-live-in-one-of-the-red-zones https://gpsjam.org/faq/#i-live-in-one-of-the-red-zones). Yeah, the answer is, as you mentioned, aircraft fly at higher altitudes, so they get much longer line of sight to the jammer. On the general idea of using ADS-B to map GPS interference, when I thought of this idea I was pretty excited. I realized that if you had access to worldwide ADS-B data, which ADS-B Exchange graciously gave me as part of my Advisory Circular project (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24188661 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24188661), you could also make a worldwide map of GPS jamming, and I hadn't seen anyone do that before (later I found some researchers who realized you could get GPS jamming information from ADS-B, but they only looked at a couple aircraft). I just think it's pretty neat that even though there were multiple companies devoted to processing, analyzing, and selling ADS-B data, and ADS-B data is not all that complicated, none of those companies had realized this new way of using it. Sometimes there's gold left even in data that you think must have been completely mined out. Even specifically looking at ADS-B data as it relates to GPS interference, there's still lots to be done! FR24 is mapping jamming, but I don't think anyone else has made worldwide maps of spoofing (yet!): https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1770515361739493488 https://twitter.com/lemonodor/status/1770515361739493488 [Edited to add more:] With respect to safety issues, yes, aircraft have redundant navigation systems. But GPS is one of the important layers that add safety to aviation, and it is not at all normal for entire countries or even larger regions to lsoe GPS while still maintaining passenger flights. This Eurocontrol presentation, "GNSS Interference and Civil Aviation", has lots of details: https://rntfnd.org/wp-content/uploads/Aviation-GNSS-interference-UN-ICG-WGS-IDM-ECTL-GNSS-RFI-SEP23.pdf https://rntfnd.org/wp-content/uploads/Aviation-GNSS-interfer... From the presentation: Aviation Safety is built on two main principles: • Trust your instruments • Follow standard operating procedure GNSS RFI causes pilots to have to question both principles! There have been close calls due to lack of GPS. It increases workload for both pilots and controllers, which is a safety issue by itself. Despite a lot of airlines and government aviation agencies saying everything is fine, they're not really prepared for a world with frequent GPS denial, and everything is not fine. Industry and government are organizing emergency meetings about how to handle this in a less ad hoc way than they have been so far (commercial aviation is kind of the opposite of ad hoc).

CSDude 2y ago

When I wait for relatives/friends to land in Turkey, I always get a mini heart attack because either plane drifts like Fast and Furious or disappears completely from map and ask myself, is this real this time? Sometimes I have nightmares about it, I see the planes just falling down from the sky spontaneously because of the stress that GPS jamming induced to me over the years.

poorman 2y ago

Need to get some more Helium hotspots proving location with proof of coverage and then people wouldn't have to rely on government controlled GPS.

Havoc 2y ago

What's the deal with a large chunk of Turkey's northern coast being jammed?

nf3 2y ago

- Sir! The radar, sir! It appears to be... jammed! - There's only one man who would dare give me the raspberry: Lone Starr!

brcmthrowaway 2y ago

[flagged]

ErigmolCt 2y ago

I don't know why, but watching flights in this app calms me down just like watching fire does.

iefbr14 2y ago

I just noticed that a lot of red spots correlate with bad weather, rain and thunderstorms.

teleforce 2y ago

I'm strongly believe sooner or rather later GPS/GNSS will be considered human right since the areas where their signals are mostly devoid of them are intentionally devoid by the prepetrators. Currently I am working for a new wireless PHY technique that is more secure and robust against jamming, and also the first that able to propagate with limited non line of sight (NLoS). Hopefully soon we can overcome this anti human GPS/GNSS jamming shenanigans. For an excellent example for anti jamming secure wireless network for GPS (not my work) please check this thesis by Cara Yang Kataria [1]. She is currently working at the infamous MIT Lincoln Laboratory. [1] Antenna-driven methods for increased wireless network security: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/115902 https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/115902

Aerbil313 2y ago

Note the red near Pine Gap.

Vicinity9635 2y ago

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espinielli 2y ago

The map implementation is not great, what I miss most is country borders and labels. https://gpsjam.org https://gpsjam.org has come out first and is a much better design IMHO. Flightradar24 has _just_ the advantage of bigger sensors network and hence wider coverage.