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Show HN: Funded.io rapid prototype

167 points by bottompair 13y ago

bottompair 13y ago
Struggling with maintaining 25 versions of financial projection spreadsheets for a tiered SKU based SaaS startup. I decided to spin this up as quickly as possible (and learn a little AngularJS along the way). The result - after ~30 hours it's usable enough to show. Obviously needs more flexibility around the variety of revenue models and expense categories. But really it's just for rough estimates at this point.
- seivan 13y ago
  ~30 hours? You deserve the funding you can get :)
  - f_salmon 13y ago
    That's nothing. I once did 5 such projects on a Sunday morning :)
    - cstrat 13y ago
      cool story, bro
- primitivesuave 13y ago
  This is excellent and a great demonstration of rapid development in Angular.
- cstrat 13y ago
  very impressive effort for a quick side project. bookmarked, i will come back and try it with some legit data when I get a chance!
- icambron 13y ago
  As a piece of technology, this is really cool. But I guess I don't get how it's different from a nice Excel model. How is it that this allows you to capture 25 different use cases in a way that the a spreadsheet can't?
  - jotato 13y ago
    In my mind the difference is that I don't have to build it! Using this I can just plug in my numbers and go instead of spending time building a spreadsheet.
    - icambron 13y ago
      Sure, but the OP could have just published their spreadsheet and you wouldn't have to build that either.
      - bottompair 13y ago
        This was the worksheet I created (and have been using for a few months). I believe funded.io is at feature parity with this simplified model - https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxgh-9Z9zd40ZExtRnYyZVhWU2s/edit?usp=sharing https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxgh-9Z9zd40ZExtRnYyZVhWU2s...
        rahimnathwani 13y ago
        Thank you for sharing. It's nice to see how other people do things. A few suggestions which may save effort next time you do this: - Only use the $ symbol as much as necessary. Usually you only need one (e.g. $C12 or C$12 rather than $C$12), unless you're referencing a single input. In your example, the excessive use of $ on the 'Detail' tab prevents me from adding an extra row for an employee simply by copying-and-pasting - SUBTOTAL can be better than SUM for summing columns of numbers. You want subtotals for Sales, Support etc., as well as a grand total. SUBTOTAL can be applied to a whole column of values without fear of double-counting, as it ignore existing SUBTOTALs. - EOMONTH(x,1) will give you the last day of the month after the date x. EOMONTH(x,0)+1 will give you the first day of the month instead. It's a bit easier to read than your DATE(YEAR, MONTH+1, DAY) construction.
  - bottompair 13y ago
    A few things I was thinking: - Spreadsheets are prone to fat-fingering and messing up formulas. For example, if you built a spreadsheet with three product SKU's and wanted to add a fourth, it's not so easy. Especially if you have visualizations tied to specific ranges of cells, etc. With this app I can validate data once and not worry about some random missing formula screwing it up down the road. - When creating models for comparison the typical pattern is Save As -> New. Before you know it, you've got 8 or 10 different spreadsheets with different variations on the numbers. Now add a new expense category to the model in spreadsheet #10. If you want to compare backwards to the rest you'll need to do that work over and over (this is the pattern I was stuck in). - Longer-term I wanted to be able to overlay models - sort of an A/B test given different configuration - During the past few months I've met with countless entrepreneurs trying to launch startups pre-money. Most of them are trying to build models from scratch (or a template they found) and it's been a clear pain point for them - I can share models in a service like this easily. I've already used it several times when someone's asked me to help validate their business model. I create the model in the app and send them a link. They can tweak it and show me their ideas. It's crude right now, but collaboration between founders on something like this might be worthwhile. - Even longer-term I'd like to add in more templates to support startups beyond the initial financial model. Basically I looked at my last several years' worth of operational spreadsheets from helping run SaaS companies and thought "there ought to be an app for this".
- jqueryin 13y ago
  I like it. Nice work and welcome to the land of Angular! Minor spelling issue I noticed that was bugging me all over the place: s/Reccuring/Recurring/
  - bottompair 13y ago
    Ouch. Fixed.
- avighnay 13y ago
  I too have been trying to capture this in excel, thank you for making it available in this format.
labaraka 13y ago
This is absolutely fantastic. I would pay real money for something similar tailored to product sales model (vs recurring SaaS).
- jamiecollinson 13y ago
  Out of curiosity, what would be the major changes required?
  - labaraka 13y ago
    Mostly the accounting for COGS
  - endlessvoid94 13y ago
    Definitely unit economics and everything that needs to go above the line. Would be KILLER to have those.
    - bottompair 13y ago
      If you have an example worksheet I'd love to see it. I've spent my last 7 years in B2B SaaS so have plenty of the tiered SKU models for reference.
- bottompair 13y ago
  Totally with you. Would love to build out several different cost/revenue models including one completely based on web site visits and paid customer conversion rate. Sprinkle in some correlation with marketing spend and you've got something passable for a B2C company.
- yeldarb 13y ago
  One of our local tech mentors here in Des Moines released a free Excel file for these sorts of projections (an accompanying book to explain the models, etc is also available from Amazon). You can download here: http://www.startupmodels.com/download/ http://www.startupmodels.com/download/ I haven't used it myself but I know that it has helped quite a few companies work through their financial projections around here. It's at least a decent starting point. (More info: http://www.siliconprairienews.com/2011/10/startup-models-seeks-to-simplify-financial-modeling-for-entrepreneurs http://www.siliconprairienews.com/2011/10/startup-models-see... )
aktary 13y ago
Impressive! Are you going to develop this further for the community? I'd love to use it and be able to save, print, export, etc...
- prawn 13y ago
  Could make it a viable side project by charging a fee to enable easy exporting, then be able to reinvest that money in improving the project.
- bottompair 13y ago
  Yep, planning to keep rolling with it if there's interest. I mentioned this in previous responses, but the data is actually being saved. The unique Url generated when you first start will get you back to the settings for the model you're working on. It's a stop-gap feature so that I didn't need to implement a login/authorization system in the MVP.
davidbanham 13y ago
I have spent more hours than I'm comfortable contemplating slaving over Excel spreadsheets creating projections. I went into one funding round with perfect eyesight and came out needing reading glasses. This tool is fantastic. I'd love to be able to modify it for non-MRR companies though. What license are you releasing the code under?
- bottompair 13y ago
  Hadn't thought about open-sourcing the project yet. Initially just something to remove the pain I was feeling in my current role. It allows me to share models with founders and collaborate as well. Data is persisted (MongoDB) and the unique Url for each model created will work if you navigate directly back to it.
  - rrhyne 13y ago
    Don't release it, turn it into a business!
    - krainboltgreene 13y ago
      Or do both.
narzero 13y ago
Fantastic tool! Like aktary, I'd love to see a save, print and export options.
shekyboy 13y ago
Awesome work! Export to Excel please
immad 13y ago
Would be cool if you could export to Excel. That way you could lay the fundamentals in place here and do custom things offline.
- dshankar 13y ago
  Alternatively, import from Excel to simplify onboarding.
- bottompair 13y ago
  Plan to do this eventually. However, this fundamentally doesn't solve the core problem (for me at least). Versioning nightmares happen when you've got one model that you customized to have three products and your new model has four. To compare to your previous model(s) you've got to keep updating all spreadsheets. An app like this would hopefully remove some of that rework and eventually allow A/B testing of different fundraising scenarios, or different revenue models with similar fundraising, etc.
ilaksh 13y ago
That's awesome. Can you make one thats for 'lifestyle' businesses, i.e. bootstrapped startups with a sustainable model? For starters, with my business model, the monthly expenses depend on the number of customers directly. Every time I get a customer, I automatically deploy a VM. And I am charging them a few more bucks than the VM costs, so my revenue is directly tied to the number of customers also. Maybe I just need a spreadsheet. But really its pretty simple. I plan to launch something that I can support alone. Within a month or so, I need to have enough profit to hire a guy from oDesk to help with support. The other part is charging for support, which I plan to make separate from the servers. So you can pay as low as $5 if you want minimal support, up to $500 if you are a business and want to prepay for up to half a day of consulting each month. So what I want is a spreadsheet that I can change that has a projection chart off to the side that is automatically connected to the spreadsheet. With template spreadsheets/charts that I can configure. Maybe use something like Google Spreadsheets or http://stoic.com/formula/index.html http://stoic.com/formula/index.html
- bottompair 13y ago
  Great suggestions. This initial pass was meant to solve one specific use case I happened to have, but I'd love to add more modeling capabilities. The addition of one-time costs or revenue based on customer acquisition is important and something that will be there eventually (training is a good example in Saas).
ing33k 13y ago
cool , please add export to excel or google docs..
pla3rhat3r 13y ago
Very cool! Add some secure features and exporting tools and you're onto something.
tomkinson 13y ago
I will use this extensively tonight(spend about 1-2 hrs beta testing) and come back with suggestions/comments and input, IF you can add ways to save the data and/or export to CSV/excel after. On a brief look, it looks great, well done.
- bottompair 13y ago
  The data is actually being persisted (MongoDB). Notice a unique Url is created when you click through the initial landing page. If you save that Url somewhere and come back to it your data will be there. Thanks for taking some time on it - feedback is most welcome as I'll continue to hack on it over the next few months - time permitting.
  - tomkinson 13y ago
    Yes noticed that. Well done. It does still seem that A LOT if not most of the comments here are as well asking for a download/export feature. Everyone wants to know they are covered after investing a few hrs into working on something. No one really knows how long that URL would be active for. Anyway, I am a founder and have some real number so will dive in tonight. Export would still be welcome. Again, great job. Looks tight.
toast76 13y ago
Love it. The only issue I have is the SKU slider is a little bit "fuzzy". Would be great to actually be able to plug some real sales estimates. Also the slider seems to be capped out at some really low number (like 30 new customers a month or something?)... not sure if I'm doing something wrong?
- bottompair 13y ago
  True, for lower priced products the SKU slider is limited. I struggled with this on my Excel worksheets as well. In mid-market SaaS ($200-$1500 MRR range) growth tends to slow down the higher the price goes. In addition, growth increases over time as the company grows, but the higher priced SKU's grow slower. The sliders are only one possible solution to visualizing the rate of growth per price tier. Most other things I've tried involve math fiddling that I haven't managed to translate well to a user experience. Open to suggestions or examples if you have ideas!
  - toast76 13y ago
    The difficulty possibly stems from starting at 0 and trying to get a growth function to suit over 1-5 years (ideally it's exponential in the early days, but likely logarithmic over a longer period of time). Problem is if you're going to investors, you don't want a chart that shows growth slowing down over time (certainly not in the first 24 months anyway). Early on you have an idea of what sort of traffic you're able to generate and a likely conversion rate, and therefore estimate a sign up rate using real(ish) numbers. It's only the growth beyond that that you're really guessing at. You may just want a text box with a gross # of new customers/month based on what you think you can bring in, and then have the slider work on top of that, in effect creating an adjustable polynomial function for growth? Just spitballing here...
martialmartian 13y ago
for those who can't use excel...
- bottompair 13y ago
  As posted higher up, the spreadsheet I created and based the application on: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxgh-9Z9zd40ZExtRnYyZVhWU2s/edit?usp=sharing https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxgh-9Z9zd40ZExtRnYyZVhWU2s... Feature development on the app will be faster (and reach a broader audience) than the spreadsheet, however. And I wanted to learn AngularJS ;)
  - budgetyzer 13y ago
    Hi all, i created a similar tool a wile ago. You can take a look at: app.budgetyzer.com It could load a bit slow. You can only log in with your Google account ATM. Currious If you all like it... Tim
tomasien 13y ago
I did a quick model with this tonight after a full day of investor pitches, and even though I'm exhausted I got about a 70% accurate model done in about 5 minutes. I know how to use Excel, but I just wouldn't have gotten that done in 5 minutes with Excel. It was helpful, that's the best thing I can say about anything.
cordie 13y ago
I'll add a vote for the "bootstrappers" version of this. Although I was able to make it work for my situation. Great work though. Definitely a useful tool!
notastartup 13y ago
half of those accounting terms scare me. I'm more than happy to just keep selling software and not leverage myself to appease some rich guy who doesn't respect the art of software and just wants a ridiculous return.
kfk 13y ago
What’s your current pain in dealing with financial projections? What kind of help could benefit you from a finance controller expert remotely? Would you be willing to share finance/spreadsheet knowledge with some coding mentoring?
jaimefjorge 13y ago
This is definitely useful. Export/import to/from excel could be a great feature.
budgetyzer 13y ago
Check: App.budgetyzer.com Similar tool more advanced.

167 points by bottompair 13y ago

Struggling with maintaining 25 versions of financial projection spreadsheets for a tiered SKU based SaaS startup. I decided to spin this up as quickly as possible (and learn a little AngularJS along the way). The result - after ~30 hours it's usable enough to show. Obviously needs more flexibility around the variety of revenue models and expense categories. But really it's just for rough estimates at this point.

seivan 13y ago
~30 hours? You deserve the funding you can get :)
- f_salmon 13y ago
  That's nothing. I once did 5 such projects on a Sunday morning :)
  - cstrat 13y ago
    cool story, bro
primitivesuave 13y ago
This is excellent and a great demonstration of rapid development in Angular.
cstrat 13y ago
very impressive effort for a quick side project. bookmarked, i will come back and try it with some legit data when I get a chance!
icambron 13y ago
As a piece of technology, this is really cool. But I guess I don't get how it's different from a nice Excel model. How is it that this allows you to capture 25 different use cases in a way that the a spreadsheet can't?
- jotato 13y ago
  In my mind the difference is that I don't have to build it! Using this I can just plug in my numbers and go instead of spending time building a spreadsheet.
  - icambron 13y ago
    Sure, but the OP could have just published their spreadsheet and you wouldn't have to build that either.
    - bottompair 13y ago
      This was the worksheet I created (and have been using for a few months). I believe funded.io is at feature parity with this simplified model - https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxgh-9Z9zd40ZExtRnYyZVhWU2s/edit?usp=sharing https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxgh-9Z9zd40ZExtRnYyZVhWU2s...
      - rahimnathwani 13y ago
        Thank you for sharing. It's nice to see how other people do things. A few suggestions which may save effort next time you do this: - Only use the $ symbol as much as necessary. Usually you only need one (e.g. $C12 or C$12 rather than $C$12), unless you're referencing a single input. In your example, the excessive use of $ on the 'Detail' tab prevents me from adding an extra row for an employee simply by copying-and-pasting - SUBTOTAL can be better than SUM for summing columns of numbers. You want subtotals for Sales, Support etc., as well as a grand total. SUBTOTAL can be applied to a whole column of values without fear of double-counting, as it ignore existing SUBTOTALs. - EOMONTH(x,1) will give you the last day of the month after the date x. EOMONTH(x,0)+1 will give you the first day of the month instead. It's a bit easier to read than your DATE(YEAR, MONTH+1, DAY) construction.
- bottompair 13y ago
  A few things I was thinking: - Spreadsheets are prone to fat-fingering and messing up formulas. For example, if you built a spreadsheet with three product SKU's and wanted to add a fourth, it's not so easy. Especially if you have visualizations tied to specific ranges of cells, etc. With this app I can validate data once and not worry about some random missing formula screwing it up down the road. - When creating models for comparison the typical pattern is Save As -> New. Before you know it, you've got 8 or 10 different spreadsheets with different variations on the numbers. Now add a new expense category to the model in spreadsheet #10. If you want to compare backwards to the rest you'll need to do that work over and over (this is the pattern I was stuck in). - Longer-term I wanted to be able to overlay models - sort of an A/B test given different configuration - During the past few months I've met with countless entrepreneurs trying to launch startups pre-money. Most of them are trying to build models from scratch (or a template they found) and it's been a clear pain point for them - I can share models in a service like this easily. I've already used it several times when someone's asked me to help validate their business model. I create the model in the app and send them a link. They can tweak it and show me their ideas. It's crude right now, but collaboration between founders on something like this might be worthwhile. - Even longer-term I'd like to add in more templates to support startups beyond the initial financial model. Basically I looked at my last several years' worth of operational spreadsheets from helping run SaaS companies and thought "there ought to be an app for this".
jqueryin 13y ago
I like it. Nice work and welcome to the land of Angular! Minor spelling issue I noticed that was bugging me all over the place: s/Reccuring/Recurring/
- bottompair 13y ago
  Ouch. Fixed.
avighnay 13y ago
I too have been trying to capture this in excel, thank you for making it available in this format.

labaraka 13y ago

This is absolutely fantastic. I would pay real money for something similar tailored to product sales model (vs recurring SaaS).

jamiecollinson 13y ago
Out of curiosity, what would be the major changes required?
- labaraka 13y ago
  Mostly the accounting for COGS
- endlessvoid94 13y ago
  Definitely unit economics and everything that needs to go above the line. Would be KILLER to have those.
  - bottompair 13y ago
    If you have an example worksheet I'd love to see it. I've spent my last 7 years in B2B SaaS so have plenty of the tiered SKU models for reference.
bottompair 13y ago
Totally with you. Would love to build out several different cost/revenue models including one completely based on web site visits and paid customer conversion rate. Sprinkle in some correlation with marketing spend and you've got something passable for a B2C company.
yeldarb 13y ago
One of our local tech mentors here in Des Moines released a free Excel file for these sorts of projections (an accompanying book to explain the models, etc is also available from Amazon). You can download here: http://www.startupmodels.com/download/ http://www.startupmodels.com/download/ I haven't used it myself but I know that it has helped quite a few companies work through their financial projections around here. It's at least a decent starting point. (More info: http://www.siliconprairienews.com/2011/10/startup-models-seeks-to-simplify-financial-modeling-for-entrepreneurs http://www.siliconprairienews.com/2011/10/startup-models-see... )

aktary 13y ago

Impressive! Are you going to develop this further for the community? I'd love to use it and be able to save, print, export, etc...

prawn 13y ago
Could make it a viable side project by charging a fee to enable easy exporting, then be able to reinvest that money in improving the project.
bottompair 13y ago
Yep, planning to keep rolling with it if there's interest. I mentioned this in previous responses, but the data is actually being saved. The unique Url generated when you first start will get you back to the settings for the model you're working on. It's a stop-gap feature so that I didn't need to implement a login/authorization system in the MVP.

davidbanham 13y ago

I have spent more hours than I'm comfortable contemplating slaving over Excel spreadsheets creating projections. I went into one funding round with perfect eyesight and came out needing reading glasses. This tool is fantastic. I'd love to be able to modify it for non-MRR companies though. What license are you releasing the code under?

bottompair 13y ago
Hadn't thought about open-sourcing the project yet. Initially just something to remove the pain I was feeling in my current role. It allows me to share models with founders and collaborate as well. Data is persisted (MongoDB) and the unique Url for each model created will work if you navigate directly back to it.
- rrhyne 13y ago
  Don't release it, turn it into a business!
  - krainboltgreene 13y ago
    Or do both.

narzero 13y ago

Fantastic tool! Like aktary, I'd love to see a save, print and export options.

shekyboy 13y ago

Awesome work! Export to Excel please

immad 13y ago

Would be cool if you could export to Excel. That way you could lay the fundamentals in place here and do custom things offline.

dshankar 13y ago
Alternatively, import from Excel to simplify onboarding.
bottompair 13y ago
Plan to do this eventually. However, this fundamentally doesn't solve the core problem (for me at least). Versioning nightmares happen when you've got one model that you customized to have three products and your new model has four. To compare to your previous model(s) you've got to keep updating all spreadsheets. An app like this would hopefully remove some of that rework and eventually allow A/B testing of different fundraising scenarios, or different revenue models with similar fundraising, etc.

ilaksh 13y ago

That's awesome. Can you make one thats for 'lifestyle' businesses, i.e. bootstrapped startups with a sustainable model? For starters, with my business model, the monthly expenses depend on the number of customers directly. Every time I get a customer, I automatically deploy a VM. And I am charging them a few more bucks than the VM costs, so my revenue is directly tied to the number of customers also. Maybe I just need a spreadsheet. But really its pretty simple. I plan to launch something that I can support alone. Within a month or so, I need to have enough profit to hire a guy from oDesk to help with support. The other part is charging for support, which I plan to make separate from the servers. So you can pay as low as $5 if you want minimal support, up to $500 if you are a business and want to prepay for up to half a day of consulting each month. So what I want is a spreadsheet that I can change that has a projection chart off to the side that is automatically connected to the spreadsheet. With template spreadsheets/charts that I can configure. Maybe use something like Google Spreadsheets or http://stoic.com/formula/index.html http://stoic.com/formula/index.html

bottompair 13y ago
Great suggestions. This initial pass was meant to solve one specific use case I happened to have, but I'd love to add more modeling capabilities. The addition of one-time costs or revenue based on customer acquisition is important and something that will be there eventually (training is a good example in Saas).

ing33k 13y ago

cool , please add export to excel or google docs..

pla3rhat3r 13y ago

Very cool! Add some secure features and exporting tools and you're onto something.

tomkinson 13y ago

I will use this extensively tonight(spend about 1-2 hrs beta testing) and come back with suggestions/comments and input, IF you can add ways to save the data and/or export to CSV/excel after. On a brief look, it looks great, well done.

bottompair 13y ago
The data is actually being persisted (MongoDB). Notice a unique Url is created when you click through the initial landing page. If you save that Url somewhere and come back to it your data will be there. Thanks for taking some time on it - feedback is most welcome as I'll continue to hack on it over the next few months - time permitting.
- tomkinson 13y ago
  Yes noticed that. Well done. It does still seem that A LOT if not most of the comments here are as well asking for a download/export feature. Everyone wants to know they are covered after investing a few hrs into working on something. No one really knows how long that URL would be active for. Anyway, I am a founder and have some real number so will dive in tonight. Export would still be welcome. Again, great job. Looks tight.

toast76 13y ago

Love it. The only issue I have is the SKU slider is a little bit "fuzzy". Would be great to actually be able to plug some real sales estimates. Also the slider seems to be capped out at some really low number (like 30 new customers a month or something?)... not sure if I'm doing something wrong?

bottompair 13y ago
True, for lower priced products the SKU slider is limited. I struggled with this on my Excel worksheets as well. In mid-market SaaS ($200-$1500 MRR range) growth tends to slow down the higher the price goes. In addition, growth increases over time as the company grows, but the higher priced SKU's grow slower. The sliders are only one possible solution to visualizing the rate of growth per price tier. Most other things I've tried involve math fiddling that I haven't managed to translate well to a user experience. Open to suggestions or examples if you have ideas!
- toast76 13y ago
  The difficulty possibly stems from starting at 0 and trying to get a growth function to suit over 1-5 years (ideally it's exponential in the early days, but likely logarithmic over a longer period of time). Problem is if you're going to investors, you don't want a chart that shows growth slowing down over time (certainly not in the first 24 months anyway). Early on you have an idea of what sort of traffic you're able to generate and a likely conversion rate, and therefore estimate a sign up rate using real(ish) numbers. It's only the growth beyond that that you're really guessing at. You may just want a text box with a gross # of new customers/month based on what you think you can bring in, and then have the slider work on top of that, in effect creating an adjustable polynomial function for growth? Just spitballing here...

martialmartian 13y ago

for those who can't use excel...

bottompair 13y ago
As posted higher up, the spreadsheet I created and based the application on: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxgh-9Z9zd40ZExtRnYyZVhWU2s/edit?usp=sharing https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxgh-9Z9zd40ZExtRnYyZVhWU2s... Feature development on the app will be faster (and reach a broader audience) than the spreadsheet, however. And I wanted to learn AngularJS ;)
- budgetyzer 13y ago
  Hi all, i created a similar tool a wile ago. You can take a look at: app.budgetyzer.com It could load a bit slow. You can only log in with your Google account ATM. Currious If you all like it... Tim

tomasien 13y ago

I did a quick model with this tonight after a full day of investor pitches, and even though I'm exhausted I got about a 70% accurate model done in about 5 minutes. I know how to use Excel, but I just wouldn't have gotten that done in 5 minutes with Excel. It was helpful, that's the best thing I can say about anything.

cordie 13y ago

I'll add a vote for the "bootstrappers" version of this. Although I was able to make it work for my situation. Great work though. Definitely a useful tool!

notastartup 13y ago

half of those accounting terms scare me. I'm more than happy to just keep selling software and not leverage myself to appease some rich guy who doesn't respect the art of software and just wants a ridiculous return.

kfk 13y ago

What’s your current pain in dealing with financial projections? What kind of help could benefit you from a finance controller expert remotely? Would you be willing to share finance/spreadsheet knowledge with some coding mentoring?

jaimefjorge 13y ago

This is definitely useful. Export/import to/from excel could be a great feature.

budgetyzer 13y ago

Check: App.budgetyzer.com Similar tool more advanced.