> how much demand is still gated behind cost constraints. The market for this is HUGE. I think this misses the actual limits here. The problem isn't demand it

> how much demand is still gated behind cost constraints. The market for this is HUGE. I think this misses the actual limits here. The problem isn't demand it's, "how much people are willing to spend on it". Cheap AI has to be served on cheap compute, and if inference gets cheap enough to unlock massive usage numbers, by definition it also doesn't require anywhere near as much infrastructure per unit of demand. Take DeepSeek serving ~100T tokens/day, depending on workload and utilization, you're potentially talking about only a few thousand last-gen GPUs. With current-gen GPUs maybe closer to ~1,000, and with Rubin even fewer I will be damned if I could get my hands on one. That's the part I think people are missing when they extrapolate token demand into enormous infrastructure or AI revenue. Yes usage will explode. But if the cost per unit collapses, the revenue doesn't necessarily go up with it. You can't simultaneously argue that intelligence becomes so cheap that everyone uses enormous amounts of it, while also assuming customers will somehow spend trillions of dollars a year consuming it. There is no obvious $1T customer-facing AI revenue number at the end of this rainbow in the short/medium term. The average person isn't going to spend anything remotely comparable to what they spend on a car every year for an AI service. Even businesses have budgets now, huge demand doesn't matter if the willingness to pay isn't there. The only path I can see to numbers like that is AI consuming existing business domains, even then it's very thin. Say SaaS + legal + consulting + BPO + various other service industries collectively represent something like $10-20T globally. Even if AI eventually replaces an enormous portion of that, it's probably not doing so at the same price. Why would customers switch otherwise? Either the AI product has to be dramatically better, which is difficult for mature workflows, or dramatically cheaper which is much more plausible. If it replaces $10-20T of existing services at roughly 1/10th or 1/100th (more likely) the cost, then you're looking at maybe a ~$1T AI revenue opportunity after replacing an absurdly large fraction of the existing service economy. Who are now unemployed and can't pay for shit. And that's before competition. I think it's crazy to assume AI companies won't compete aggressively on price. As capabilities diffuse, smaller models catch up, inference hits pareto frontier the open-source alternatives have already improved and caught up, margins on routine intelligence should compress "hard" (emphasis on "hard"). We've already seen how difficult adoption can be even when the technology looks impressive on paper. Cheap here means 100x cheaper for 10x more demand that's a net 10x loss before any software or hardware optimizations. So yes, I completely agree that cheap intelligence can bring an enormous amount of new usage. "I just don't think usage means revenue." (you can plaster it on a wall if you want to, "usage doesn't mean revenue", if you want to find that out I have foss software bridge to sell) The PC analogy actually reinforces this if you really think about it. Compute became "vastly more useful" while the cost per unit of compute collapsed. Society captured enormous value, but all computer companies are literal failing giants without the AI hype. Value got caught by people who provided productionization. Now if people expect AI to self productize itself I am happy to tell your try it. We all saw how OpenAI fell behind Anthropic because they thought that would work... Google couldn't productize the search, instead they sold the eye balls and web-real-estate. Maybe that's the AI business model, but that's not $1T worth given you need to unglue people from other stuff. Unless we get something approaching genuine ASI producing so much additional economic value that entirely new trillions, I don't see a path to $1-2T in direct AI revenue from customers. The market simply can't absorb that level of spending. Demand can be effectively infinite at the right price. But I think people are delusional on HN and SF if they think that number is in Trillions like the investments seem to suggest. I am not saying Nvidia will fall tomorrow but someone will have to pull the breaks before this car goes to hell.