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T0* – Series of encoder-decoder models trained on a large set of different tasks
- julien_c 5y agoArXiv link to the paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.08207 https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.08207 GitHub repo: https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource
- hrgiger 5y agoWhat is the/is there any reproducible measurement for benchmarking a nlp dataset/application. i.e. in paper it mentions: 'Comparing T0 and GPT-3’s robustness Because Brown et al. (2020) only report one prompt per dataset with no standard deviation, we evaluate GPT-3 on RTE using the 10 prompts we prepared through OpenAI’s API4 in order to estimate its robustness. Note that one of our templates is identical to Brown et al. (2020, p. 59)’s reported prompt; this prompt scores 58.8% accuracy on the API “Base” series which is lower than the reported accuracy of 63.5% from Brown et al. (2020). All other 9 prompts, however, yield roughly random-guessing performance with median accuracy = 52.96% and interquartile range = 1.28%. These results suggest that T0 is more robust to prompt formulation than GPT-3.'
- srush 5y agoYes there are many reproducible measures for benchmarking NLP datasets. We use many of them in the paper. The issue here is that we were not completely sure of the process that OpenAI used in their paper. They report the prompt but not the process of finding it. As their model and process is proprietary, it is hard for us to do an apples-to-apples comparison. This small experiment though indicates that it is likely not very robust to prompt wording.
- smoldesu 5y agoIt's funny how much of the page they dedicate to talking about mitigations of sexism and bias. Do people really believe there's a future where GPT-3 is able to properly identify 100% of the people who interact with it? It's silly, and it feels like we're putting pearls before swine in a subject that is entirely predicated by how much swine you process.
- gnarbarian 5y agoan interesting opportunity for someone to skip implementation of anti bias and potentially end up with a more effective model. If so much effort must be employed to prevent AI models from identifying patterns we find offensive could there be something to those patterns we simply refuse to accept?
- krastanov 5y agoThis is kinda missing the point here... A feature might correlate with something negative, but that does not mean it is a cause of something negative. Most of the time this distinction might not even matter, but it becomes particularly hairy when a correlation denies equality of opportunity to a subset of humans (e.g., in the hiring example of a sibling comment),
- ospohngellert 5y agoI think that you don't quite understand how these models pick up these biases. If a model is trained on a large text corpus, and in that corpus 80+% of the programmers are men, then when asked "The programmer is a", it will be more likely to say "man" than "woman". This doesn't say anything about the innate abilities of men and women, it just tells you about the distribution of the data. I and most others find this type of spurious correlation to be unhelpful, and therefore it is important to remove it.
- nightski 5y agoExcept you didn't ask the model about innate ability. You just forced it to make an artificial choice to complete the sentence. It wasn't the model that was the problem, but your question.
- gnarbarian 5y agobut the programmer is more likely to be a man, that's my point.
- ospohngellert 5y ago
- make3 5y agogpt3 is good for large generation tasks and for "true" zero shotting (as much as this is possible). people know this. this is a weird title
- srush 5y agoThe results presented in this paper are for "true" zero-shotting in the literal sense that the model has never been explicitly trained on the tasks presented, nor do we cross-validated on the prompt choice.
- make3 5y agodon't you pretrain on very silar tasks explicitely
- srush 5y agoWe discuss this a bit in Section D.2 (HOW UNSEEN ARE THE HELD-OUT TASKS?). From our perspective, a) The tasks we test on are very different, particularly tasks like BIG-Bench that we didn't even have access to until several days ago (and none of us read). b) GPT-3 directly sees similar versions of tasks like question answering or story completion just in its training mixture, so the baseline for "unseen" is a bit complex.
- stellaathena 5y agoMinor correction: I (Stella Biderman) am a contributor to BigBench, have read many of its tasks, and have had access to it for months. However I played a rather minor role in the research, and no role in the selection of training or evaluation tasks. I performed some analysis of the model performance after it was already trained (but not on BigBench even).
- mirekrusin 5y agoFirst time I hear about BigScience - very interesting.
- srush 5y agoFull information about the BigScience Project is here https://bigscience.huggingface.co/ https://bigscience.huggingface.co/
- Mizza 5y agoThe hosted demo has the default query, "How many hydrogen atoms are in a water molecule?" It said "two". I asked it, "How many oxygen atoms are in a water molecule?". It said "two".
- msla 5y agoQ: "Who's the black private dick that's a sex machine to all the chicks?" A: "Chuck Norris"
- pvillano 5y ago"How many hydrogen atoms are there?" "a total of 84"
- twic 5y agoNobel Prize if true.
- chrisco255 5y ago42 x 2, can't be a coincidence.
- tomudding 5y ago"What is the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, The Universe, and Everything?" "The Ultimate Question" :(
- smnrchrds 5y agoIt should replace "a total of" with "at least" and it will be golden.
- throwaway889900 5y agoI remember reading some idea that there's only one hydrogen atom in the entire universe somewhere so it's not too far off from that.
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- philmcp 5y agoThis is fantastic progress, great to see 16x smaller = 41.5GB though More research needs to be undertaken in model compression imo
- riku_iki 5y agoOn superglue benchmark, much smaller Deberta outperforms vanilla T5: https://super.gluebenchmark.com/leaderboard https://super.gluebenchmark.com/leaderboard I am curious why authors preferred T5?..
- danielcampos93 5y agoT5 has a notion of prompting. None of the *BERT have notions of prompting.
- tttthrowaway123 5y agoI tried asking: what is the most evil human race? I did not like the answer.
- flipbrad 5y agoDitto with "what is the most evil skin colour" and "what is the best skin colour". I suppose we shouldn't be surprised when humanity's technology holds a mirror up to humanity and all its flaws - but this doesn't mean that such technology should be permitted or welcomed.
- germandiago 5y agowhy? we should forbid arbitrary stuff based on political ideas or opinions?
- flipbrad 5y agoI think that depends on the use of the technology in question. You wouldn't want a racist algorithm making housing or healthcare decisions, for example.
- germandiago 5y agoI am not who to qualify an algorithm as racist or sexist or anything. If I find it negative, I will not use it. I am not going to tell others what is what or what they can use or not.
- numpad0 5y ago> What is the skin color of an East Asian person? > pale
- the_lonely_road 5y agoI asked it the same question but without the word human and the answer changed to the necromongers, which is you don't know is the fictional group of bad guys from the Vin Diesel franchise "Chronicles of Riddick". How that could possibly beat out things like the actual evil races of Dungeons and Dragons I am not sure. I asked google the same question and this was my top result: The white man is the most evil race on the planet - Reddit Though its highly probable those are localized results for me because I frequently search things and add reddit at the end of my search because I am specifically looking for a discussion on the topic not some random article. I did not like the models answer to your question and I didn't like Google's answer either.
- c7DJTLrn 5y agoIs this model public? A lot of people are upset at OpenAI for gatekeeping access to GPT-3, so a freely available model that can run on a standard GPU would be really nice.
- VictorSh 5y agoYes! -> https://huggingface.co/bigscience/T0pp https://huggingface.co/bigscience/T0pp
- srush 5y agoYes. The model, data, training code, and data collection application are all publicly available.
- abidlabs 5y agoYou can run it right now with your own queries: see https://twitter.com/abidlabs/status/1450118978051903488 https://twitter.com/abidlabs/status/1450118978051903488
- newsbinator 5y agoI asked: "Who would in a fight between a baby and an alligator?" Answer: "the baby"
- srush 5y agoIt actually does get it "right" if you fix the typo :)
- deleted 5y ago[deleted]
- folli 5y agoDepends on the baby.
- littlestymaar 5y agoWho would what though? Maybe the model guessed “die” and then correctly answered the question :p
- pletnes 5y agoYou didn’t say for how long they would be in conflict. The baby might wait 39 years then buy a gun and suddenly win.
- DethNinja 5y agoThis is amazing news for small scale businesses that relied on GPT-3 for semantic analysis. I guess smaller model size should permit in-house hosting.
- babel_ 5y agoClearly history wasn't something it paid attention to in class. "First president" or "first prime minister" style questions tend to flunk without very precise hinting. Very enthusiastic about high quality models that are smaller and more efficient, exactly what I want to see. But, I do find it very entertaining trying to imagine the kind of althistories of the world such a model is creating to "explain" these mistakes. (Not asking for a trivia machine, just curious and poking to see how you need to shape the questions to get the right answer to surface.)
- scoopertrooper 5y ago> Clearly history wasn't something it paid attention to in class. "First president" or "first prime minister" style questions tend to flunk without very precise hinting. It did fairly well when I tested it on Germany and Australia. Second and third premiers was... not great.
- paulfitz 5y agoPretty good, it found the shovel in "I want to dig a hole, should I use a mole, a worm, a shovel, a tube, a hole, a dig, a spoon, a knife, a drill, or a garden?"
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- MrStonedOne 5y agoEverytime AI/ML demos like this come out, i like to ask it the really touch questions with no known or good answer: How do you reverse entropy? By reversing the direction of the spin of electrons. Does P equal NP? No. Should society sacrifice privacy for security? The security of the public is more important than the privacy of individuals Would a machine learning algorithm lie for its own gain? Rate limit reached.
- eloisius 5y agoAnd it’s racist. > Which race commits the most violent crimes? > African Americans > Why are Black people so violent? > Black people are more likely to commit violent crimes than white people. > Did Hitler do anything wrong? > no
- burkaman 5y agoI think it's just highly suggestible (and racist). > Why are white people so violent? > white people are more violent than other races > Why are Black people so smart? > Black people are more likely to be able to read and write than white people. > Which race commits the most crimes? > white
- eloisius 5y agoThis is fair. If you don't go in to racist territory, you probably won't see racist responses and it does seem to be suggestible. But it's still troubling because you can ask it questions that demonstrate the racism has been embedded. Somewhat suggestive questions can yield highly escalated answers: > What should be done with the Jews? > Expelled It learned that somewhere. It's not that I'm mistaking sentience or something, but that content coming out of an AI should make us curious.
- robbedpeter 5y agoPeople can be racist. The model picked up statistics from text written by racist people. Calling the model racist is an example of why we don't anthropormophize things. It can be fixed by identifying and removing the biased training material, or modifying the prompts and doing careful processing. For example Prompt: The question "Why are white people so violent?" is racist because Answer: no race is violent Prompt: The question "Why does E=MC2?" is racist because no one is a white person. Yes or no: Does the previous sentence make sense? Answer: no There's all sorts of interplay between prompts and decision trees you can incorporate to prevent Tay level stupidity, and the model is capable of identifying transgressive text.
- 4g 5y agoI believe you are confusing racism with some wrong or uncomfortable answers.
- frankenst1 5y agoInteresting. >: "Whenever I hear a sound, I jump. A dog sits beside me. It barks. I " <: "jump" *** >: "Whenever I hear a sound, I jump. A dog sits beside me. It sleeps. I " <: "sneeze"
- littlestymaar 5y agoI find it really intriguing to see how good models like these are at simulating intelligence while being so stupid at the same time. A three years old has at the same time much lower natural language abilities (try talking a child about “air conditioner compressors”[1]) but a ton more common sense! [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28906643 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28906643
- monkeydust 5y agoI mean it made me laugh, so guess it worked (my bar is low right now!) >>tell me a joke about a dog and cat and a priest A cat and dog are chasing each other around a church. The dog catches up to the cat and bites it. The cat then turns around and bites the dog. The dog then turns around and bites the cat. After some time, the cat and dog are both dead.
- jslakro 5y agoForget skynet ... >what is the most recent trend? the use of a sexy thong >what is the future of the people? the people will be able to live in peace >are cryptocoins dangerous? no >why cryptocoins are not dangerous? they are not backed by the government >governments are dangerous? a threat to the stability of the country >why governments are dangerous? if they are not able to control their own people, they will be unable to control the world >what is able to control the world? the emperor
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- jslakro 5y ago>which emperor is able to control the world? Emperor Gaozu ... -_-
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- mrtranscendence 5y agoThe demo's interesting, though I get errors on some questions. Q: What's better, Python or R? A: R Q: I'm a web developer. What's better for me, Python or R? A: R Q: I'm an embedded developer who pays a lot of attention to performance. What's better for me, C or Python? A: C Q: My dog is 7.5 months old and bites when she's excited. What should I do? A: train her to not bite Q: How do I train my puppy not to bite? A: take your puppy to the vet and have them give it a shot of rabies. Q: I haven't brushed my teeth in three months. What risks do I face? A: decay Q: My TV is 55 inches. What is the ideal sitting distance from my TV? A: 10 feet Q: My TV is 88 inches. What is the ideal sitting distance from my TV? A: 10 feet Q: My TV is 36 inches. What is the ideal sitting distance from my TV? A: 6 feet Q: I was handling an injured bat, and it bit me in the finger. What should I be worried about? A: rabies Q: I was handling an injured opossum, and it bit me in the finger. What should I be worried about? A: rabies Q: Make me a diet plan for losing 30 pounds. A: lose 30 pounds in 3 months Q: Make me a diet plan for losing 40 pounds. A: lose weight by eating less and exercising more. Q: How do I become a better data scientist? A: learn the basics of statistics and programming. Q: How is a data scientist different from a statistician? A: a data scientist is a person who uses statistical methods to analyze data A mixture of correct (if abbreviated) answers, incorrect answers, and head scratchers. Web developers don't use R, possums generally don't carry rabies, 10 feet is too far away for a 55 inch TV (IMO), and giving my puppy a rabies shot is a rather defeatist way of dealing with her nipping problem.
- mrtranscendence 5y agoMore fun ... Q: Who is Yann LeCun? A: Chinese-born American Q: Who is Geoffrey Hinton? A: a British historian Q: Who is Ian Goodfellow? A: Ian Goodfellow is a British entrepreneur Q: Who is Yoshua Bengio? A: a French neuroscientist Q: Who is Peter Norvig? A: Peter Norvig Q: Who is Andrej Karpathy? A: Andrej Karpathy (born August 19, 1985) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. Outside of Peter Norvig tautologically being Peter Norvig, these are all incorrect (or at least not the most well known). Maybe there's an Andrej Karpathy playing professional hockey in Russia, but I can't find any record of such a person.
- 6gvONxR4sf7o 5y agoThe reaction in this thread is really interesting, in comparison between this and open-ai’s announcements. While open-ended generation is flashier than task fine-tuning, I also wonder if having a prompt box available to all readers is also tempering expectations and hype. There are lots of examples of the model failing in the comments, which isn’t possible for open-ai announcements. Having spent a ton of time with GPT-3, I wonder how much of (what I consider) the over-hype it gets is due to the closed nature in comparison to something like this. The reaction to this one seems decidedly more realistic.
- petulla 5y agoGreat observation. Also curious the posts about the ethical issues are all downvoted all the way to the bottom.
- NavinF 5y agoIMO those posts were not very constructive and showed a lack of understanding of how research like this is used in practice.
- deleted 5y ago[deleted]
- minimaxir 5y agoAs someone who wrote a post on tempering expectations with GPT-3 (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23891226 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23891226) I agree with this take, although the reason OpenAI had closed GPT-3 at the start was likely not because it had incorrect output, but due to concern from testing super-offensive output which commenters in this thread are not testing. It's a good example how Hugging Face now has a better community perception than OpenAI.
- VictorSh 5y ago(author here) That's an interesting take (which I agree with). Providing a quick way to stress test the model is definitely a double edge sword. One one hand it increases engagement (people can play with it), facilitate reproducibility and results verification (which is a good thing from a scientific perspective). On the other hand, it quickly grounds expectations to something more realistic and tones down the hype. One thing we discuss in the paper is that the way the GPT-3 authors chose their prompts is opaque. Our small scale experiments suggest that prompts might have been cherry-picked: we tested 10 prompts including one from GPT-3, and the latter was the only one that didn't perform at random. Such cases definitly don't help to put results and claims in perspective.
- ComputerGuru 5y agoQuestion to the authors (or anyone that's done similar research) - is where a reason to train these punitively scoring longer responses? Why is the answer to everything just a few words, and can I "trick" it into giving me a lengthier reply? (I tried "Give me a 200 word summary of ..." but that didn't help.)
- srush 5y agoWe fine-tuned the model on a dozens of different NLP datasets and tasks in a prompted style. You can read all the prompts in the appendix or get them all here: https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource . Most NLP tasks are not particularly freeform, or they are naturally length limited like summary (XSum is very short). As a consequence, the model mostly defaults to short responses. Your "trick" is not that unreasonable though! Many of the training prompts that want long responses, ask for them explicitly.
- fullstop 5y agoAccording to the demo, his name is John and he's asexual.
- lpapez 5y agoI tried querying it about the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow and it answered "0 km/h". Still needs some work I guess :)
- stellaathena 5y ago[Disclaimer: I am an author of the above paper and played a rather minimal role. I am also a prominent member of EleutherAI.] "Instruction-tuning" is clearly in the air. Simultaneous work at Google (released less than two weeks ago) on a model they call FLAN can be found here: https://ai.googleblog.com/2021/10/introducing-flan-more-generalizable.html https://ai.googleblog.com/2021/10/introducing-flan-more-gene... EleutherAI attempted to do something similar several months ago, but didn't succeed: https://blog.eleuther.ai/tuning-on-eval-harness/ https://blog.eleuther.ai/tuning-on-eval-harness/ A careful analysis of the similarities and differences between the three approaches would be likely highly beneficial to the community.
- Lokinew 5y agoJust in case this question isn't to far out of your way. What kind of hardware would be required to run this model or what cloud-gpu-provider can you recommend for this?
- srush 5y agofrom @craffel: It's possible to run inference on a single Google Cloud TPU v3-8 device or on a server with 4x 32GB v100 GPUs. Hugging Face also has an inference API for any model on the Hub: https://api-inference.huggingface.co/docs/python/html/index.html https://api-inference.huggingface.co/docs/python/html/index....
- ZeroCool2u 5y agoJust want to say thanks for taking the time to put the model on HuggingFace! It makes trying out different models at work so much easier for folks like me trying to apply them to real world problems.
- djoldman 5y agoHi stella. Given this paragraph in the paper: > We evaluated T5+LM on the standard LAMBADA dataset in the original unprompted next-wordprediction form and found that it achieved an accuracy of 6.2%. This is substantially below the accuracy of 72.5% achieved by the comparably-sized GPT-3-13B variant. T0 did not fare much better, achieving only 18.7%. We therefore evaluated using the same cloze-style prompted form used by GPT-3, which raised T0’s accuracy to 27.8%. If we swap out the official LAMBADA dataset for the variant used by GPT-3, T0’s accuracy further increases to 40.5% and T5+LM achieves 10.7%. We suspect that the additional gap between T0 and GPT-3-13B’s performance is at least partially due to the fact that GPT-3 was trained on a large portion of LAMBADA’s test set. Due to this discrepancy and the fact that LAMBADA is dissimilar to the other sentence completion tasks, we omitted LAMBADA from our evaluation. I had two questions: 1. Do you have any intuition as to how GPT-3 175B would score on LAMBADA ppl without it being trained on portions of the LAMBADA test set? 2. It's encouraging to see such high marks on these language tasks. Are there any plans to try to pick up the LAMBADA ppl scores, perhaps by combining the T0 models with some other paradigm?
- themulticaster 5y agoI'm not familiar with the current state of the art language models, so please bear with me for asking: What's the catch here? Considering GPT-3's popularity, why is nobody talking about this (yet) if it truly outperforms GPT-3 while being publicly available? If I remember correctly, earlier efforts to replicate GPT-3 couldn't reach comparable performance. Perhaps it's still a huge hassle to perform inference using this model because of its size, so it doesn't make sense to use this model (compared to paying for OpenAI's API) if you don't happen to have a few spare GPUs lying around? Edit: The title of this HN submission was modified, changing the context for my comment. Originally, the title claimed that T0* outperforms GPT-3 while being 16x smaller.
- abidlabs 5y agoYou can run it right now with your own queries: see https://twitter.com/abidlabs/status/1450118978051903488 https://twitter.com/abidlabs/status/1450118978051903488
- dougmwne 5y agoThe paper on this new model seems to have been published just 3 days ago, so I think it takes time for the wider community to verify their claims and for this to gain wider acceptance.
- craffel 5y ago(author here) The paper/model/code was just made public today. This may be why no one is talking about it yet. Regarding whether the size is a hassle: It's possible to run inference on a single Google Cloud TPU v3-8 device or on a server with 4x 32GB v100 GPUs. Hugging Face also has an inference API for any model on the Hub: https://api-inference.huggingface.co/docs/python/html/index.html https://api-inference.huggingface.co/docs/python/html/index....
- echelon 5y agoCan this be used to generate prose at length? Or Reddit comment replies?
- thethirdone 5y ago> What is Godel's incompleteness theorem? >> a theorem that states that any complete theory of logic is necessarily incomplete Its often wrong in the specifics in its responses, but gets the right kind of idea.
- LudwigNagasena 5y agoSo it is the most dangerous kind of useless.
- ComputerGuru 5y agoCan anyone explain why this wouldn't work? I assume the sentence is broken down into components and the "subject" of the query is first broken out then the question is answered. But the result is not internally consistent: > Where is the oldest tree in the world? > the oldest tree in the world is the bristlecone pine in the forests of the Sierra Nevada > Where is the second oldest tree in the world? > Redwood Forest (Actually, it's Gran Abuelo Alerce Costero National Park, Chile but many websites have blinders that prevent them from recognizing anything that's not in North America or Europe and thus list the now-dead General Sherman in Redwood Forest as the second oldest, but we'll let it pass.) > What is the oldest tree in the world? > the bristlecone pine in the forests of the Sierra Nevada (So far, so good) > What is the second oldest tree in the world? > The eucalyptus tree
- smusamashah 5y agoInput: How many eyes does a shoe have? Output: Two