1. Turing machine: there is no difference between data and instructions. Meaning: any data can be interpreted as instructions (e.g. 1 + 1, GET /, [ 1, 2, 3], ..

1. Turing machine: there is no difference between data and instructions. Meaning: any data can be interpreted as instructions (e.g. 1 + 1, GET /, [ 1, 2, 3], ...) 2. Writing is turning ideas into meaningless symbols, reading is turning meaningless symbols into ideas. 3. The alphabet consists of meaningless symbols and meaningless sounds. Conclusion: any sensory cues can be interpreted, given meaning, and be converted into action; also by computers.