I try to read the code I need to use, but of course I never have the time to read as much as I should. It's really the best way to learn programming in general

I try to read the code I need to use, but of course I never have the time to read as much as I should. It's really the best way to learn programming in general and to learn particular apis, as important as a musician listening to other musicians' music. I feel much more confident using libraries whose source code I've already at least skimmed through. (Speed reading code and learning where to look for stuff later when you need it is a useful skill to develop.) But reading static code isn't enough to trust it and be sure the comments and formatting aren't lying to you. Stepping through code in the debugger and looking at its runtime state and control flow is crucial to understanding what's really going on. But the problem with reading code (especially code that you're not running in the debugger), is that you see what you think it's supposed to do, not what it's actually doing, especially when you're "skimming" over it as I like to do. Occasionally I have the luxury of enough time to go into "study mode" and carefully read over code line by line (I've been reading the amazing npm packages in http://voxeljs.com http://voxeljs.com recently, which is some amazing and beautiful JavaScript code that I recommend highly). But that is extremely tedious and exhausting, and uses so much energy and attention and blood sugar that I have to close my eyes and take little power naps to let my mind garbage collect. And then I get these weird dreams where I'm thinking in terms of the new models and api's I've just learned, and sometimes wake up in a cold sweat screaming in the middle of the night. (I have sympathy for Theo and his neighbors he wakes up at night from nightmares about all the terrifying code he reads.) (So far no terrible nightmares about voxeljs, but a few claustrophobic underground minecraft flashbacks.) Refactoring or rewriting or translating code to another language is a great way to force yourself to really understand some code. I've found some terrible bugs in my own code that way, that I totally overlooked before. And looking back, the reason the bugs were there was that I just saw what I intended to have written, instead of what I actually wrote. And for those kinds of bugs, comments that describe the programmer's intent are actually very dangerous and misleading if they're not totally up to date and valid. Because the compiler does not check comments for errors! I try to use lots of intermediate descriptive variable names (instead of complex nested expressions), lots of asserts and debug logs, and do things in small easy to understand and validate steps that you can single step through with the debugger. It's important to examine the runtime state of the program as well as the static source code. But that is hellishly hard to do with networking code in the kernel. I also like to get away from the distractions of the keyboard and debugger, and slog my way through every line of the code, by printing it out on paper, going outside, sitting in the sun under a tree, and reading through every page one by one front to back, scribbling notes on the paper with a magic marker. That forces me to make my way all the way through the code before making any false assumptions, jumping around, and getting distracted. (ADHD Management Techniques 101!)