Regarding the architecture: > Instead of forcing the entire model into DRAM, the full model is stored in flash memory (NAND). Because NAND-to-DRAM bandwidth is

Regarding the architecture: > Instead of forcing the entire model into DRAM, the full model is stored in flash memory (NAND). Because NAND-to-DRAM bandwidth is too slow to swap weights token by token, as standard MoE models require, AFM 3 Core Advanced makes routing decisions per prompt. A lightweight, dense block selects a fixed set of experts during initial processing, periodically reselecting them during generation. To minimize data movement, the model relies on a high percentage of always-active “shared experts” alongside input-dependent “routed experts” swapped into DRAM only when needed. This is an interesting hybrid between MoE and managing entirely separate domain-specific models. Select the experts once, bring them into memory, and run inference for some period of time before re-evaluating. Saves having all experts in memory, but it's better than just selecting a whole model per query since you have a high number of small opaque experts that overlap and combine in interesting ways. There is a probably a massive quality hit to doing this but it's interesting because it allows infinite scaling of model size.