Hopper's trajectory from the Mark I to FLOW-MATIC to COBOL is one of the great arcs in computing. She had to fight to convince people that programs could be wr

Hopper's trajectory from the Mark I to FLOW-MATIC to COBOL is one of the great arcs in computing. She had to fight to convince people that programs could be written in English-like words, her colleagues thought the idea was absurd because "computers don't understand English."