That stuck out to me as well. I wonder if there could be a bug where extra code runs but the result is discarded (and the code that runs happens to have no sid

That stuck out to me as well. I wonder if there could be a bug where extra code runs but the result is discarded (and the code that runs happens to have no side effects). The post also says > That is roughly 1 billion iterations but that doesn't sound right because GCC's version runs in only 0.047s, and no CPU can do a billion iterations that quickly.