Standard VMs are definitely overkill for per-agent instances due to the resource overhead. If you need strict isolation for untrusted code but want container-l

Standard VMs are definitely overkill for per-agent instances due to the resource overhead. If you need strict isolation for untrusted code but want container-like speed, look into Firecracker (MicroVMs) or gVisor (userspace kernel). Firecracker is what AWS Lambda uses. It strips down the kernel to the bare minimum, so you get VM-level isolation with millisecond boot times and a tiny memory footprint. It’s essentially the sweet spot between "insecure" Docker and "heavy" full VMs.