6 ms·

Genuinely curious - what experiment can be used to verify the existence of time?

northlondoner 11mo ago
In engineering and sciences practice, existence of time is vitally accepted and measured. We have experiments verifying not only existence of time but relativity of time is established strongly. There are couple of prominent topics supporting this view, links to peer-reviewed works. 1. Einstein's general relativity is first experimentally verified by Sir. Eddington https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_experiment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_experiment The deviation is actually about time as well, interplay between geometry and gravity. Subsequently for special relativity "Experimental Establishment of the Relativity of Time' https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.42.400 https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.42.400 This is actually what Carlo trying to explain in his YouTube interview. Experimental Tests of General Relativity https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839 https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annur... 2. Existence of Biological clocks measuring time is understood by gene regulation and molecular setting: Biological clocks https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.96.16.8819 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.96.16.8819 3. Entropy production On material systems. Evolution of time is tied to entropy production, for example using fluorescence spectroscopy Measurement of Stochastic Entropy Production https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.050602 https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97... 4. Relativistic effects on GPS. Relativity of GPS measurement https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.063005 https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.06... Satellite test of special relativity using the global positioning system https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.56.4405 https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.56.44... These support's Carlo's explanations quite well. 5. Quantum Metrology Even though causal ordering is not definite in quantum mechanics, once things measured they "collapse" to ordering. Experimental aspects of indefinite causal order in quantum mechanics https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00739-8 https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00739-8 Once things are measured, things should obey thermodynamics. 6. Atomic clocks and synchronisation, they are used to measure "time" in all sorts of scenarios. The Measurement of Time: Time, Frequency and the Atomic Clock https://www.amazon.com/Measurement-Time-Claude-Audoin/dp/0521003970 https://www.amazon.com/Measurement-Time-Claude-Audoin/dp/052... 7. Stellar navigation. Even though this sounds science-fiction, but it is indeed possible to measure time using pulsars. Spacecraft Navigation and Timing Using X-ray Pulsars https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2161-4296.2011.tb01799.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2161-4296....

In engineering and sciences practice, existence of time is vitally accepted and measured. We have experiments verifying not only existence of time but relativity of time is established strongly. There are couple of prominent topics supporting this view, links to peer-reviewed works. 1. Einstein's general relativity is first experimentally verified by Sir. Eddington https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_experiment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_experiment The deviation is actually about time as well, interplay between geometry and gravity. Subsequently for special relativity "Experimental Establishment of the Relativity of Time' https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.42.400 https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.42.400 This is actually what Carlo trying to explain in his YouTube interview. Experimental Tests of General Relativity https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.020807.111839 https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annur... 2. Existence of Biological clocks measuring time is understood by gene regulation and molecular setting: Biological clocks https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.96.16.8819 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.96.16.8819 3. Entropy production On material systems. Evolution of time is tied to entropy production, for example using fluorescence spectroscopy Measurement of Stochastic Entropy Production https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.050602 https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97... 4. Relativistic effects on GPS. Relativity of GPS measurement https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.063005 https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.06... Satellite test of special relativity using the global positioning system https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.56.4405 https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.56.44... These support's Carlo's explanations quite well. 5. Quantum Metrology Even though causal ordering is not definite in quantum mechanics, once things measured they "collapse" to ordering. Experimental aspects of indefinite causal order in quantum mechanics https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00739-8 https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00739-8 Once things are measured, things should obey thermodynamics. 6. Atomic clocks and synchronisation, they are used to measure "time" in all sorts of scenarios. The Measurement of Time: Time, Frequency and the Atomic Clock https://www.amazon.com/Measurement-Time-Claude-Audoin/dp/0521003970 https://www.amazon.com/Measurement-Time-Claude-Audoin/dp/052... 7. Stellar navigation. Even though this sounds science-fiction, but it is indeed possible to measure time using pulsars. Spacecraft Navigation and Timing Using X-ray Pulsars https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2161-4296.2011.tb01799.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.2161-4296....