> If the previous comment is right I actually coded a Z3 program to prove it! The 3-variables version takes too long to resolve, but I got results for the 2-va

> If the previous comment is right I actually coded a Z3 program to prove it! The 3-variables version takes too long to resolve, but I got results for the 2-variables version (tumor size + gender): Results can be found in this GSheet: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1tsBhElTgXjVTeas8quarGE7Go4n9DZ1aTUomnvUeIKs/edit?usp=sharing https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1tsBhElTgXjVTeas8quar... Code is here: https://gist.github.com/TheMrZZ/c33927ca2cc917997a67d7f84b8205c9 https://gist.github.com/TheMrZZ/c33927ca2cc917997a67d7f84b82... I'm currently running the 3-variables version, hopefully I'll get results this afternoon. We can clearly see the same problems that arise in the 1-variable Simpson's paradox (widely different population sizes).