State-of-the-art referencing counting does not require atomics on every single object; see for example https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3519939.3523440 https:

State-of-the-art referencing counting does not require atomics on every single object; see for example https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3519939.3523440 https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3519939.3523440