The irony is that the math is straightforward and something a 3rd year engineering or physics student will have seen over and over again BUT biology students wo

The irony is that the math is straightforward and something a 3rd year engineering or physics student will have seen over and over again BUT biology students would find it challenging. It's also much simpler than statistics another key tool that a biologist should be deeply knowledgeable in. Sadly, biologists by and large eschew math and we occasionally see it used here to explain things after the fact. Biology will become a science when it uses math for prediction and modelling in short when it establishes mathematically sound first principles ... like all the real sciences have.