There is indeed research and literature about this. For example “Formal verification of multiplier circuits using computer algebra”, Daniela Kaufmann, see http

There is indeed research and literature about this. For example “Formal verification of multiplier circuits using computer algebra”, Daniela Kaufmann, see https://danielakaufmann.at/publications/ https://danielakaufmann.at/publications/ These kinds of methods are used in EDA Formal Verification tools to check real multipliers, FMAs, dot-products etc in CPU & GPU designs.