In modern deep learning there are multiple approaches that can be argued are close to some of inspirations from neuroscience: Capsule Networks, Helmholtz Machin

In modern deep learning there are multiple approaches that can be argued are close to some of inspirations from neuroscience: Capsule Networks, Helmholtz Machines, Energy Based Models (Score Based Generative Modeling / Diffusion Models), Associative Memory. Information theory, Bayesian methods, Approximate Computations are more relevant for inspiration. Neuroscience is not the filed which studies intelligent behavior.