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ACOUP has a great collection on ironworking and the generally insane amount of labor and fuel that went into premodern iron production, including nails: https://acoup.blog/2020/10/02/collections-iron-how-did-they-make-it-part-iii-hammer-time/ https://acoup.blog/2020/10/02/collections-iron-how-did-they-... Demonstration: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPdviIiNAM8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPdviIiNAM8