I am distracted with the example provided in the post. I am pretty sure that most pandas users will just put course_ids on the columns. I mean the shape of the

I am distracted with the example provided in the post. I am pretty sure that most pandas users will just put course_ids on the columns. I mean the shape of the user_courses dataframe is not suitable for the task. (user_courses .set_index(["student_id", "course_id"]) .unstack() .apply(lambda x: x+1))