If you pay attention to the commas the structure of the law is: If you do A OR B based on C A: Deprivation of rights B: Different punishments where C is on a

If you pay attention to the commas the structure of the law is: If you do A OR B based on C A: Deprivation of rights B: Different punishments where C is on account of such person being an alien, or by reason of his color, or race I removed B to make it more readable in my initial comment because you were only talking about A.