This speech by the SNB chairman describes fractional reserve banking well in my opinion: https://www.snb.ch/en/mmr/speeches/id/ref_20180116_tjn https://www.snb.

This speech by the SNB chairman describes fractional reserve banking well in my opinion: https://www.snb.ch/en/mmr/speeches/id/ref_20180116_tjn https://www.snb.ch/en/mmr/speeches/id/ref_20180116_tjn