Numenta is probably the most direct / well-known example of what you're asking. They get mixed reactions from the community (some fair, some not). DeepMind occa

Numenta is probably the most direct / well-known example of what you're asking. They get mixed reactions from the community (some fair, some not). DeepMind occasionally publishes crossover papers from neuroscience (e.g. grid cells; metalearning). Lots of other groups are looking at neuroscience for applications to ML too like University of Washington and Columbia.