There is no way to measure (or even define?) "benefiting the field". For example, women leave the workforce earlier and more often. So we now get less work yea

There is no way to measure (or even define?) "benefiting the field". For example, women leave the workforce earlier and more often. So we now get less work years per education year in these fields. Benefit? Not from the POV of the person paying for all this education and these services.