The thing is, loans come with risk. That's why they pay interest. Loans to a sovereign entity come with the risk that they can simply choose not to repay their

The thing is, loans come with risk. That's why they pay interest. Loans to a sovereign entity come with the risk that they can simply choose not to repay their debt and call it a day. Countries have in fact done that, even in large batches. A country has a constitution that supercedes debt payments. So if a sovereign defaults, nothing happens. The real issue that German banks were overleveraged before 2008, so normally the crisis would have destroyed them. Germany did not want inflation, so in order to fix their banks they removed the limits on leverage, and Deutsche Bank (not the German national bank, just a very big German bank). Greece defaulting would bring the banks to the very edge of bankruptcy, perhaps to the point where one big customer default would kill them. Then they forced QE (do you know that every European loans ~100 euro to banks and large companies every month ? That's what it currently seems to take to prevent German (and other) banks from falling over, and Draghi has already announced "a massive increase" to compensate for Brexit). Of course it was all for naught: the stock market performance of the last year or so has done that anyway. So now they're in "double or nothing" mode. They're doubling down. Tripling down. Just to avoid default. Germany has done malinvestment on a huge scale, and now they're using their political and financial power to fix it. But they're long past the point where they won't get repaid. They're at the point where they're trying to avoid an immediate total crisis, and it certainly looks like they're losing the battle. I doubt this Brexit event helped. Like many other countries, Germany has a vastly underfunded bank default insurance scheme. It might surprise you to learn that no country has ever paid out their default insurance for a big bank. So I'm being harder on Germany here than I should be : the US has taken crazy measures to prevent bank defaults as well. As you say, Greece's debt until this German exploitation began was not that spectacular (comparable to Italy and Spain, and not that much worse than German debt even). So criticizing their spending habits delivers arguments that you can hold against almost every western country. Obama, for instance, has not been very concerned with getting into more debt. And a US territory (not sure what the difference is with a state) has gone bankrupt (Puerto Rico). This definitely cost the US treasury. At least the US still has enough financial sense and backing to allow for a default (because there'll be US states going bankrupt in the years to come)