They used sentence dependency graphs - in this sentence "John", "trash" and "out" are dependencies of "threw". There's a few variants, but the graph constructio

They used sentence dependency graphs - in this sentence "John", "trash" and "out" are dependencies of "threw". There's a few variants, but the graph construction rules are standardised. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_grammar https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_grammar